Week 1 Flashcards
Zofran
Brand: Zofran Generic: ondansetron Class: antiemetic Indication: selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Counseling points: - may cause headache, fatigue
Zyrtec
Brand: Zyrtec Generic: cetirizine Class: histamine H1 antagonist (2nd gen) Suffix: -izine Indication: allergies Counseling points: - May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or dry mouth
Allegra
Brand: Allegra Generic: fexofenadine Class: histamine H1 antagonist (2nd gen) Suffix: -adine Indication: allergies Counseling points: - May cause drowsiness - Do not take with fruit juices which reduce bioavailability - Day products products contain pseudoephedrine and may be taken in the morning to avoid insomnia
Dramamine, Antivert
Brand: Dramamine, Antivert Generic: meclizine Class: histamine H1 antagonist (1st gen) Suffix: -izine Indication: motion sickness and vertigo Counseling points: - Potential anticholinergic side effects, - Avoid alcohol (may increase CNS depression)
Reglan
Brand: Reglan Generic: metoclopramide Class: - dopamine antagonist - serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist Suffix: -pramide Indication: antiemetic Counseling points: - Should be taken 30 minutes before meal on an empty stomach - May cause extrapyramidal side effects
Compazine
Brand: Compazine Generic: prochlorperazine Class: - piperazine phenothiazine antipsychotic - dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptor antagonist Suffix: -zine Indication: nausea/vomiting Counseling points: - may cause sedation - may give false pregnancy readings - may impair heat regulation - anticholinergic effects - avoid alcohol - no calcium/magnesium antacids if taking oral form
Phenergan
Brand: Phenergan
Generic: promethazine
Class: histamine H1 antagonist (1st gen)
Suffix: -zine
Indication: allergies, nausea/vomiting, motion sickness, sedation
Counseling points:
- may cause anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth, drowsiness, and dizziness
Biaxin
Brand: Biaxin Generic: clarithromycin Class: macrolide Indication: infection Counseling points: - May be taken with or without food and may be taken with milk - May cause upset GI system - XL formulation should be taken with food and not crushed - Do not refrigerate suspension - Interacts with multiple drugs (CYP450) - May cause metallic taste
Bactrim, Septra
Brand: Bactrim, Septra
Generic: trimethoprim (tpm) / sulfamethoxazole (smz)
Class: antibiotic, sulfonamide derivative
Indication: infection
Counseling points:
- Adequate fluid intake should be maintained to prevent crystalluria and stone formation
- Increases the effect of oral hypoglycemics
- Significant CYP450 drug interactions
- May cause photosensitivity reactions, protect skin from exposure to natural or artificial sunlight
- May cause severe life-threatening skin reactions, and should be discontinued at first sign of skin rash or any adverse reaction
Cleocin
Brand: Cleocin Generic: clindamycin oral Class: antibiotic, lincosamide Suffix: -mycin Indication: infection Counseling points: - May cause Clostridium difficile–associated severe diarrhea (although the majority of antibiotics can cause C. diff; clindamycin has the highest incidence). - May be taken with food - Oral: administer with full glass of water to minimize esophageal ulceration
Amoxil, Moxatag
Brand: Amoxil, Moxatag Generic: amoxicillin Class: antibiotic, penicillin Suffix: -cillin Indication: infection (ENT) Counseling points: - May cause Clostridium difficile–associated severe diarrhea (although the majority of antibiotics can cause C. diff; clindamycin has the highest incidence). - May be taken with food - Oral: administer with full glass of water to minimize esophageal ulceration
Zithromax, Z-pak
Brand: Zithromax, Z-pak Generic: azithromycin Class: antibiotic, macrolide Indication: infection Counseling points: - May be taken with or without food - Tablet may be administered with food to decrease gastrointestinal effects - Oral suspension (extended release) should be taken on empty stomach: at least 1 hour before or 2 hours following a meal
Vibramycin
Brand: Vibramycin
Generic: doxycycline
Class: antibiotic, tetracycline derivative
Suffix: -cycline
Indication: infection
Counseling points:
- Take with food if gastric irritation occurs; while administration with food decreases absorption up to 20%, administration on an empty stomach is not recommended due to GI intolerance. This recommendation is for tetracyclines in general
- Can cause photosensitivity, so protect skin from exposure to natural or artificial sunlight
- Can decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
- Avoid simultaneous administration with aluminum-, calcium-, and magnesium-containing antacids and iron-containing products
- Administer with 8 ounces of water and have patient sit up for at least 30 minutes after taking to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration
Keflex
Brand: Keflex
Generic: cephalexin
Class: antibiotic, cephalosporin (first gen)
Indication: infection
Counseling points:
- Can cause GI upset
- Oral suspension - administer with food; shake well before use
- Can decrease absorption of oral birth control
- Hypersensitivity if allergic to PCN and cephalosporins
Tamiflu
Brand: Tamiflu
Generic: oseltamivir
Class: neuraminidase inhibitor
Suffix: -mivir
Indication: flu
Counseling points:
- Advise that this is not a substitute for annual flu shot
- OTC Products still needed for symptoms
- may cause n/v, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or insomnia
- take with food
Albenza
Brand: Albenza Generic: albendazole Class: anthelmintic Suffix: -azole Indication: dog and pork tapeworm Counseling points: - Take with food - Advise female patients to use effective contraceptives during treatment and for 3 days after
Tessalon Perles
Brand: Tessalon Perles Generic: benzonatate Class: antitussive Indication: cough Counseling points: - may cause dizziness or sedation - swallow whole or chance of oropharyngeal anestesis may occur. - avoid alcohol and other meds with sedation/dizziness
Singulair
Brand: Singulair Generic: montelukast Class: leukotriene receptor antagonist Indication: allergic rhinitis, asthma Counseling points: - Take at the same time each day - Chewable tablet dosage form contains phenylalanine
Diflucan
Brand: Diflucan Generic: fluconazole Class: antifungal Indication: candidiasis Counseling points: - May take without regarding meals - May cause GI upset and headache - DI: multiple - CYP450 interactions - Can prolong QT interval
Levaquin
Brand: Levaquin
Generic: levofloxacin
Class: antibiotic, fluoroquinolone
Indication: pneumonia
Counseling points:
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Take at least 2 h before or 6 h after iron- or zinc-containing multivitamins, and antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, sucralfate or didanosine, and calcium-containing products such as dairy
- May cause sun sensitivity, so protect skin from exposure to natural or artificial sunlight
- May cause possible CNS side effects
- FDA requires to assess risk of QT prolongation, monitor glucose, tendon rupture warning in older adults, tendonitis in younger athletes
Flagyl
Brand: Flagyl
Generic: metronidazole
Class: amebicide, antibiotic, antiprotazoal
Indication: amebiasis, infection
Counseling points:
- Systemic: Avoid alcohol during and 3 d after therapy
- May cause urine to turn reddish-brown
- Take on empty stomach, unless GI upset occurs, then take with food
- ER dosage form should be taken on empty stomach, 1 h before or 2 h after meals
Macrodantin, Macrobid
Brand: Macrodantin, Macrobid Generic: nitrofurantoin Class: antibiotic Indication: cystitis Counseling points: - Take with food to enhance absorption - Avoid antacids containing magnesium trisilicate
Lamisil
Brand: Lamisil Generic: terbinafine Class: antifungal agent Indication: onychomycosis Counseling points: - Topical and systemic formulations available - Long-term use check liver enzymes
Xifaxan
Brand: Xifaxan Generic: rifaximin Class: rifamycin Indication: hepatic encephalopathy, IBS Counseling points: - May cause dizziness, HA, nausea, fatigue - Counsel on c.diff
Dificid
Brand: Dificid Generic: fidaxomicin Class: antibiotic, macrolide Indication: C. diff Counseling points: - May cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Alinia
Brand: Alinia Generic: nitazoxanide Class: antiprotozoal Indication: infectious diarrhea Counseling points: - N/V, HA - Take WITH food
