WEBER SOC SCI Flashcards

1
Q

How does Weber deployed his notion of a social scientist to cope with the essentially ‘infinite’ nature of historical data

A

finding a ‘middle way’ between scientific objectivity and ‘limitless relativism’

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2
Q

what does his ‘middle way’ involve

A

the grouping of historical phenomena into ‘ideal types’
of both a ‘universal’ nature relating to the sociological aspect of his enquiry, and the uniquely schematic presentations of complex historical phenomena which dubs him the ‘scientist’

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3
Q

he rejects the ??? nature of ‘traditional’ historical enquiry

A

irresoluble

of ‘value-judgements’ being discussed in ‘scientific terms’

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4
Q

how does W reject the irresolvable nature of traditional enquiry

A

investigates the relations between values and presents the question to the ‘specialist’ to determine a more ultimate judgement

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5
Q

what type of enquirer is W

A

interdisciplinary enquirer of ‘nomological knowledge’ through the lens of ‘ideal types’

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6
Q

Weber understands that ‘empirical science cannot tell someone what he ought to do…

A

but only what he can do and - possibly - what he wants to do”, and this is translated into his central condition of corresponding to the ‘real situation’ at the present time

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7
Q

Through social science he pursues historical events in an anti-determinist way absent from???

A

‘from a set of historical conditions’ and proceeds to investigate a ‘science of reality’ in a dialectic methodological approach…
IN HIS AXIOM OF SPECIALISATION DISCUSSED MOST PROM IN SCI {WISSENS} AS A VOCATION

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8
Q

primary concern with?

A

present phenomena, which he explains through his understanding of modern Kultur – or the modern scheme of ‘plural’ values - described in The Protestant Ethic

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9
Q

NOTION OF A SOC SCI ARGUMENT

A

uses the notion of a social scientist to strengthen his understanding of modern Kultur through the lens of ‘ideal types’ in a schematic break down of the past, which becomes his methodological solution to the problems of the ‘infinity’ of historical fact

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10
Q

value scheme in G at time he writes

A

pluralised

National unity was not synonymous with unification of 1871

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11
Q

W’s values reflect those of G body politic

A

both his ‘values’ as an individual reflected those of the German body politic – that of ‘insoluble value-plurality’

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12
Q

what does W’s values mean for his academic/hist enquiry

A

might begin with value-commitment, but it cannot ‘end with it’, nor be judged definitely by it

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13
Q

uses notion of a SS to pursues a T?

A

he uses his notion of a social scientist to pursue a truth which was ‘absolutely heterogenous’ with the generation of values which embraced a ‘plurality’

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14
Q

Act of ‘psychological renunciation’?

A

Weber himself describes as an ‘elementary duty of academic self control’

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15
Q

the relationship between a ‘value free’ Wissenschaft and ‘individual values’ was both

A

close and troubling

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16
Q

‘anarchy of values’

A

Troeltsch

fundamental to Weber’s approach, yet it is one that is conditioned by a ‘duty of self control’

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17
Q

W’s commitment to value freedom complied with what duty

A

duty to observe intellectual honesty and integrity’ (Rechtschaffenheit)

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18
Q

in PE he denounces what?

A

methodically denounces ‘logical consequences’ from the evaluative position, and uses Wissenschaft not to ‘prescribe one’s values’ but to present relations between values to ‘tell them only how to think’

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19
Q

NOT SECULAR?

A

that historical understanding can ‘only become comprehensible if we understand the connection of these dogmas with practical religious interests’

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20
Q

BUT ‘religious interests’ have to be discovered in the ?

A

psychological drives [Antriebe] which led people to behave in a certain way’, thus free of definite ‘values’ which ‘superficial to the theological scholar’.

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21
Q

‘ideal type’ reveal history in its most? form

A

PE - ‘most logically consistent form’

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22
Q

WHY THE importance of presenting religious ideas as ‘ideal types’, which become his method? PE

A

‘for precisely because of the impossibility of drawing clear boundaries in historical reality, we can only hope to arrive at the specific effects of these ideas by examining their most consistent form’ PE

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23
Q

importance of presenting religious ideas as ‘ideal types’ SCI AS VOC?

A

‘middle way’ between scientific objectivity and ‘limitless relativism’

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24
Q

W on Wissenschaft?

A

Wissenschaft cannot dictate what one’s values should be, and the role of Wissenschaft must be to “enable the listener to discover the vantage point from which he can judge the matter in the light of his own ultimate ideals”… ONLY B ACHIEVED THRU IDEAL TYPES - discuss each christian sect

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25
Q

imp of ideal types 4 relig/pol judgement

A

Part of presenting the ‘ideal type’ is to avoid promoting or denigrating the political – or here – religious ideas
SCIENTIFIC IMPARTIALITY

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26
Q

ideal types for facts

A

use of ‘ideal types’ serves to ‘intellectually order facts’…
avoids the ‘harmful’ evaluative argumentation of conclusive ideals and judgement

27
Q

W conception of Wissenschaft is also sculpted by the notion of specialisation which he describes as essential to achieve

A

empirical nomological knowledge - crucial for validity?
‘a really definitive and valuable achievement is always the product of specialisation’. -he provides the material as interdisciplinary enquirer from universal historical database

28
Q

utilises specialisation as a social scientist to give awareness of

A

‘both sides of the equation’ as he pursues an interdisciplinary approach and this becomes his Beruf.

29
Q

SPEC 2 - SPEC FLAWS

A

both ‘essential and inadequate’

‘inexhaustible multiplicity that lies within any historical phenomenon’

30
Q

how combat spec flaws

A

Weber focuses on ‘social specialisation’ within The Protestant Ethic
involves discussing the ‘peculiar results’ that result from historical situation which must look at ethical principles, reflective of the transformed ethical standing of modernity experiencing ‘a loss of unitary perspective’

31
Q

In The Protestant Ethic he clarifies that the fundamental ethical prescription of the modern day is not that of, for instance, New Testament ethics such as ‘love thy neighbour’ BUT?!

A

loyalty to one’s profession

32
Q

secular ethic of modern values has disconnected from the bonds of religious doctrine, such as

A

Luther’s concept of the calling – yet he does not make a definite judgement and instead invites the judgements of specialists to make further judgement

33
Q

The Protestant Ethic becomes an intellectual response to (SPEC)

A

the faults of specialisation, exemplified in Science as a Vocation

34
Q

SCI AS VOC Q ABT SPECIALIST

A

‘the best we can hope for is to provide the expert with useful questions of the sort that he may not easily discover for himself from his own vantage point’

35
Q

To ‘let the facts speak for themselves’, he argues, is

A

‘dishonest’ – and he provides a middle-way between presenting the facts and providing the next stages to which a solely empirical approach cannot extend

36
Q

Weber’s approach suspends in a limbo between 1!

A

1!the demand of the teacher that he have the intellectual integrity to state facts, to determine logical relations or the internal cultural values’

37
Q

Weber’s approach suspends in a limbo between 2!

A

2!‘to answer questions on the value of culture and its individual contents’

38
Q

Weber conveys an empirical-grounded reality whilst

A

communicating between different Kultur maintaining ‘value freedom’ through bringing the historical ‘given reality’ into the entire sphere of empirical nomological knowledge

39
Q

Weber recognises that his work will ? as a historian of the ‘broad’ sense

A

“inevitably remain highly imperfect”

but scientific approach ensures … neither descriptive nor prescriptive

40
Q

duty as a non-specialist?

A

intellectually inform those with highly specialised knowledge to consider phenomena they might have otherwise overlooked by virtue of their ‘narrow’ approach… broader model of ‘ideal types’ allow him to do so

41
Q

notion as Social sci to combat (infi)

A

the problems of the infinity of facts and the perils of philosophies of history

42
Q

infi - he rejects

A

‘vulgar Marxism’ and the theorists of the ‘base’ and ‘ideological superstructure’, striking a middle way between such and the impenetrable ‘infinity of facts’

43
Q

vs the the philosophies of history and intellectual schemes which organise history

A

Weber creates a historiographic method which is ‘intelligent and intelligible’ GHOSH WHY SWREADMWTODAY?, as a historian in the ‘broad sense’ …
In this way he does not limit interpretations of history, which are characteristic of historical philosophies

44
Q

he investigates the past not for its own sake but

A

to seek lessons, particularly on values, for modern day – although he is no determinist

45
Q

seeking lessons on values = imp 4

A

his approach, as both he and his historical works are characterised by an increasing plurality of values in the place of a universal value scheme
motivated to explain the present, and explain ‘modern Kultur’ by understanding the past through a neutral lens that does not lean towards ‘narrow’ philosophies

46
Q

To ‘explain history properly’ he embraces …

A

an optimistic syncretism, a result from relativism of developmental history

47
Q

by avoiding philosophies / solely social/ emotional? approach 1

A

enables his reader to ignore theoretical implications and consequently eludes both the histories and subsequent interpretations from ‘dangerous’ value standards

48
Q

by avoiding philosophies / solely social/ emotional? approach 2

A

he promotes that ‘we ourselves must be able to create that meaning’, unlike the ‘fate of a cultural epoch that has been eaten from the tree of knowledge’ – for ‘we cannot read off the meaning of events in this world from the results’ OBJECTIVITY OF KNOWL IN SOC SCI

49
Q

Weber uses his notion as a social scientist to offer histories that work scientifically in the sense that they seek truth with

A

an intellectual ordering of empirical and not theoretical reality, which offers the means for an ultimate judgement to be made by others.

50
Q

APPROACH compatible with the present… understood as 1 of

A

‘individually constructed meaning, which must however function within an agreed social context’…
through an exploration of the past Weber promotes an understanding of the central characteristics of present phenomena which can be understood in terms of their previous history

51
Q

APPROACH compatible with the present… with focus primarily on the present and to decipher KULTUR
EXAMPLES

A

changes in behaviours and developments that have development from the past that are not ‘rational’ or of ‘industrial organisation’
‘separation of business from the household which completely dominated modern life’, and the growth of ‘commercialization… which is connected to it

52
Q

SOC SCI ON BEHAVIOURS … his ‘individually constructed meaning’

A

proposes in an anti-determinist way that such developments could be ‘identical with the restraint, or at least rational tempering of irrational impulse’

53
Q

how he is not conclusive

A

‘individually constructed meaning’ which ‘functions with an agreed social context’

54
Q

another e.g. of individually constructed meaning can = be accepted/disputed

A

his creation his term ‘ascetic Protestantism’, referring to the religious social context of the ‘deviated form of traditional sacramental religion’

55
Q

ascet prot involves

A

‘the highest form of moral obligation of the individual is to fulfil his duty in worldly affairs’

56
Q

In coining a term for this form of Protestant attitude and action (Social sci) and proposing its agency in the development of ‘the spirit of modern capitalism’

A

Weber is deploying a methodological device which offers an ‘individual’ meaning for historical development, specifically on the present

57
Q

+ves of he understands it could be “inevitably remain highly imperfect”

A

example of an applied ‘individual meaning’ which he encourages to his academic audience in order to extract historical meaning which possesses importance for the present, even if on an individual bases and backed by empirical investigation

58
Q

enquiry SUM

A

historical enquiry from universal, historical databases to which he and others can select material and ‘meaning’ in the form of ‘ideal types’ in order to explain the present day. This becomes his principal task - and product- as a social scientist

59
Q

Weber’s notion of a social scientist can be understood by his three main principles that fit into his Wissenschaft encouraging one

A

‘how to think’, deviating from prescriptive and descriptive historiographical approaches

60
Q

1st develop of WISSENSCH

A

anarchy of values’, in which he presents ‘ideal types’ that allows one to extract an individual meaning from empirical history, reflective of the increased plurality of German values

61
Q

2nd develop of WISSENSCH

A

specialisation, and how it should be used. For Weber, he provided the historical material through ‘ideal types’ to which the ‘specialist’ could utilise to think about history outside the ‘narrow sense’. He acknowledged the necessity of specialisation in the loss of a ‘unitary perspective’, yet it was his ‘duty’ to provide a ‘broad’ historical enquiry to aid others to reconsider how to avoid the limits of theoretical and philosophical ‘specialised’ histories

62
Q

3rd develop of WISSENSCH

A

use the notion of social science to explain present Kultur, and he becomes a presentist social scientist in this way - his intellectual response to modern value-plurality which explains using the past in an interdisciplinary approach, albeit ‘imperfect’ in nature and motive

63
Q

The Protestant Ethic thus becomes a prime example of his quest to understand modernity in an ‘individualised’/alternate/debatable yet entirely scientific and empirical way

A

both valid and imperfect, as he anticipates alternative vantage points

64
Q

ABOVE ALL

A

uses his notion of a social scientist to understand modern Kultur through ‘ideal types’ which are informed by his interdisciplinary historical enquiry – and this is his ‘moral’ Beruf