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EMPIRE Flashcards

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1
Q

THREE WORD SUM

A

assertive, expansionist and belligerent

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2
Q

dom of scot acts

A

act of union 1707

declaration act 1720

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3
Q

based on experiences 1689-1713?

A

peacetime lessons of commercial expansion following treaty of Utrecht

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4
Q

upheld trading systems where?

A

N. AMERICA, AFRICA, PARTS OF ASIA, EVEN PENETRATED MEDITERRANEAN AND SPANISH EMPRIE IN S AMERICA

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5
Q

what ?/3 of gov revenue came from customs duties and harbour and shipping dues

A

2/3

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6
Q

private companies that led b expansion

A

The Ldn company, the Plymouth company, east India,

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7
Q

when Hong Kong ceded to B

A

Jan 1841 - chuanbi chuenpi convention

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8
Q

what was key to b expansion

A

profitability… surged synonymously with the commercial/ gluttonous attitudes/conventions of the time
b mad for addictive foreign substances, autonomy over people ect
gain power to the most limited resource: power (land, trade, goods, human resources)

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9
Q

what continued to make expansion possible

A

expositional growth

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10
Q

what made empire possible 6

A

1) SHOESTRING BUDGET
2) LED BY PRIVATISATION
3) COMMONWEALTH KICKSTARTED 1649
4) GAIN OF SURPLUS RESOURCES, EXPOSITIONAL GROWTH
5) ECON GROWTH - FUNDED MERCHANT DEVELOPMENT IN INT MARKETS
6) TERRITORIAL SEARCH - Ottoman Empire, CHINESE EMPIRE, MUGHAL EMPIRE - TRADING CONNECTIONS

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11
Q

BY 1914

A

exercised sovereignty directly over 60 colonies
5.2 mil natives
largest occidental empire since rome

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12
Q

treaty of Vienna 1815

A

established Austria Prussia Russia and GB as the leaders of europe
the ‘four’ should be those to decide the future of all the conquered territories

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13
Q

-ves for B - A. Smith, Wealth of nations 1937

A

colonies imposed heavy and unfair burdens on B taxpayers
distorted the allocation of investable funds
increased threats of war
no profitability of pol corruption at home

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14
Q

rise of free trade imperialism provided…

A

B Econ with profitable outlets for its “surplus” population, capital and commodities

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15
Q

an attack on imperialism by J. A. HOBSON

A

‘costly and ineffective alternative to social reform and as an obstacle to the structural changes required for the future vitality of the b economy

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16
Q

why needed to happen

A

impossible for B to dictate and dominate global trade without its role in international commerce

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17
Q

by 1913, ?% raw materials processed by the domestic industry came from abroad

A

90%

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18
Q

1860, imports such as imperial wheat, tea, cheese, tin, jute, oil seeds, rubber, non-tropical products

A

1/5 emanated from empire

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19
Q

L. COLLEY

A

LONDON ‘league apart from every other EU capital’ - chief trading port, financial centre and trading metropolis

20
Q

The EIC, Levant C and Russia C supplied successive Govs with their most

A

substantial creditors

21
Q

domestic and foreign trade supplied the bulk of

A

taxation

22
Q

by 1720

A

b claimed authority over 1/2 a million men and women in N America, large parts of the WI, coastal settlements in India, outposts in Mediterranean

23
Q

1850

A

zenith of its power

24
Q

problem for peacetime policing of colonies

A

land forces insufficient and no technological superiority - 1799, guns, cannons, ammunition accounted for less than 5% of B’s land warfare budget

25
Q

AM REV LINK

A

some linked causes
Parliaments abortive attempts to tax the colonies to pay for 10K troops to be stationed there
MORESO- early 1770s, only 4500 men available to enforce B rule over the vast expanses of Canada, the 13 colonies, Florida and the W frontier

26
Q

start of 19th c customs and excise levies together supplied just over ??% of Gov revenue

A

just over 70% … 60%

27
Q

at the outset of the seven years war what was Britains most important market

A

continental europe

absorb 4/5 of its domestic imports and re-exports, and supplied most of its imports

28
Q

imports from the first 1/2 of the century from N. America increase almost ?fold
W.I imports more than
tea from EIC increased more than ?fold 1701-1751

A

4 fold
doubled
40 fold

29
Q

exports to the colonies grew just as dramatically

A

1713 - B merchants shipped out some £32,400 worth of exports to the Carolinas
by 1739 - worth 7 x as more

30
Q

??% of the increase in B commodity exports that occurred in the 6 decades after the Act of Union was sold to captive and colonial markets outside of Europe

A

95%

31
Q

colonial imports vital to B’s B.O.P? WHAT IS B.O.P?

A

balance of payments…

as far as EURP trade was concerned

32
Q

1750s - re-exports of colonial goods made up a total of ??% of total B exports

A

40%

33
Q

tumultuous 1760s/1770s

authoritarian turn

A 
sugar acts 1764 
1765 stamp act
Townshend duties 1767
tea act 1773
intolerable acts 1774
turn from a more permissive commercialist attitude towards the empire in earlier period towards a more coercive and authoritarian policies in wake of 7 years war
34
Q

empire after 1780

A

characterised by a form of aristocratic military gov supporting a viceregal imperial style which emphasised hierarchy and racial subordination and by the patronage of indigenous landed elites

35
Q

battle of plassey 1757

A

B defeated Nawah of Bengal and his French allies - left British East I company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power of India

36
Q

Treaty of Paris 1763

A

imp consequences for future of b empire
N. america - F’s future as a colonial power effectively ended with the recognition of B claims to Ruperts land - ceding of New France to britain - leave sizeable f speaking pop under B control - Louisiana to Spain

37
Q

loss of the 13 colonies -
first to second empire transition
LOSS of at the time B’S MOST POPULOUS OVERSEAS POSSESSION

A

1783
relations increasingly strained due to resentment of the British parliament’s attempts to govern and tax American colonists without their consent
‘no taxation without administration’
violated ‘rights of englishmen’ - AM REV began as a rejection of parl authority and move towards self gov
B sent troops to reinforce direct rule - 1775 outbreak of war, US declared independence 1776 akn in Peace of Paris 1783
entry of fr and sp forces into war tipped military balance in AM’s favour
B shift attention away from USA to Asia, pacific, Africa

38
Q

1776 Adam Smith wealth of nations

A

argued that redundant colonies should adopt free trade to replace old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion (protectionism of Spain and Portugal)
and ! the growth of trade between independent America and use after 1783 confirms that pol control not necessary for Econ success

39
Q

constitutional act 1791

A

created the provinces of U. Canada and L. Canada to diffuse tensions between F and B communities

40
Q

1812 war with America after

A

B tried to cut off American trade with France and boarded American ships to add them to the Royal Navy - after escalated tensions between B and US after napoleonic wars
1812 US declared war and invaded British Canada, B invaded US
1814 Treaty of Ghent - Canada future sep from US

41
Q

Second B empire

A

after loss 13 colonies
B gov turned to America
1770 James cook claimed continent for britain and named it NSWALES both islands gained
aussi colonies profitable exporters of wool and gold - gold rushes in Victoria
interaction between indigenous MÃORI pop and europeans limited to the trading of goods

42
Q

napoleonic wars 1804-1815

A

b challenged again by France - contest of ideologies and threat to invade B
10.5 mil spent on defence - questioned b’s ability to reconstruct their economy
poverty and misery with increased tax rates, high cost of living, high unemployment rates
26K LOST, 194K INJ
benefit only of ‘corrupt’ aristocracy - by female reform soc Manchester, embodied thoughts and sentiments of many ENG

43
Q

B GAINS NAP WAR

A

GAIN 6 - inc st lucia malta

44
Q

decline slavery

A

advent of industrial revolution - goods produced by slavery became less important to the b economy
cost of suppressing slave rebellions
slavery abolition act 1809 - full emancipation after a period of 4-6 years of ‘apprenticeship’
B gov cost of compensating slave owners - SLAVERY ABOLITION ACT 1833

45
Q

INFORMAL EMPIRE

A

from end of NAP WARS

Dom through trade - economies of china, Argentina, siam

History (10 decks)

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