Weather Information Flashcards

1
Q

What is the composition of the atmosphere?

A
  • 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% trace gases
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2
Q

What are the 4 distinct layers of the atmosphere?

A
  • troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere
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3
Q

What is in the troposphere?

A
  • contains the majority of weather, and goes up to around 20,000 feet
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4
Q

What is atmospheric stability?

A
  • the resistance of the atmosphere to vertical movement
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5
Q

How can you determine the stability of the atmosphere?

A
  • measuring the difference between the actual temperature lapse rate and the adiabatic rate (3C per 1,000 ft)
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6
Q

What are the conditions of an unstable atmosphere?

A
  • cumuliform clouds, showery precipitation, turbulence, good visibility
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7
Q

What are the conditions of a stable atmosphere?

A
  • stratiform clouds, continuous precipitation, smooth air, poor visibility in haze
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8
Q

How does wind form?

A
  • air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
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9
Q

In the Northern hemisphere, how does air flow around high-pressure areas?

A
  • deflected to the right in a clockwise rotation
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10
Q

In the Northern hemisphere, how does air flow around low-pressure areas?

A
  • deflected toward low pressure area in a counterclockwise rotation
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11
Q

What is wind shear?

A
  • a sudden change in wind speed and/or direction
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12
Q

What is the most severe type of wind shear?

A
  • micro burst
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13
Q

What are some indications that a microburst might be forming?

A
  • intense rain shaft at the surface and a ring of blowing dust
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14
Q

How long do microbursts typically last?

A
  • 5 to 15 minutes
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15
Q

What are isobars?

A
  • lines of constant pressure
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16
Q

What are the 4 different types of front?

A
  • warm, cold, stationary, and occluded
17
Q

What type of weather can you expect from a warm front?

A
  • widespread precipitation, low visibility, and rain
18
Q

How does a warm front form?

A
  • when a faster-moving body of warm air overtakes a slower-moving body of cold air, gradually pushing it out of the area
19
Q

What type of weather can you expect from a cold front?

A
  • cumulus clouds, squall lines, thunderstorms, and turbulence
20
Q

How does a cold front form?

A
  • when a mass of cold, dense, and stable advances and replaces a body of warmer, lighter air (snow plow)
21
Q

What type of weather can you expect from a stationary front?

A
  • a combination of cold front and warm front weather
22
Q

How does a stationary front form?

A
  • when 2 equally strong fronts meet
23
Q

How does a cold-front occlusion form?

A
  • cold air pushes underneath a warm air mass forcing it upwards
24
Q

How does a warm-front occlusion form?

A
  • warmer air overruns colder air mass
25
Q

What are some key differences between cold fronts and warm fronts?

A
  • cold fronts are much faster than warm fronts
  • cold fronts have a steeper frontal slope
  • cold fronts contain more violent weather
  • cold front develop much faster
26
Q

What are the 3 conditions necessary for the formation of a thunderstorm?

A
  • water vapor, unstable lapse rate, and lifting force
27
Q

What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm?

A
  • cumulus, mature, and dissipating
28
Q

What type of weather can be seen during the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?

A
  • updrafts
29
Q

What type of weather can be seen during the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

A
  • updrafts, downdrafts, and precipitation
30
Q

What type of weather can be seen during the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

A
  • downdrafts
31
Q

What are the 6 types of fog?

A
  • radiation fog, advection fog, steam fog, upslope fog, precipitation fog, and freezing fog
32
Q

What is radiation fog?

A
  • forms on calm, cool nights when the ground cools and cools the surrounding air to its dew point
33
Q

What is advection fog?

A
  • when moist air moves over cold water or ground, most common along the coast
34
Q

What is steam fog?

A
  • when cold dry air moves over warm water
35
Q

What is upslope fog?

A
  • when moist stable air moves up sloping terrain
36
Q

What is precipitation fog?

A
  • when warm rain falls through cold air creating thick fog
37
Q

What is freezing fog?

A
  • when tiny water droplets freeze in the air when the temperature is 15F or below