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Embry-Riddle Flight Instructor > C-172 Systems > Flashcards

C-172 Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What type of engine do we have?

A
  • Textron-Lycomming IO-360-L2A
  • rated 180 BHP at 2700 RPM
  • it is 4 cylinder, normally aspirated, direct drive, air-cooled, and horizontally opposed
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2
Q

What does normally aspirated mean?

A
  • the air intake is not boosted with a supercharger or turbocharger
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3
Q

What does direct drive mean?

A
  • the propeller is directly connected to the crankshaft
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4
Q

What does air-cooled mean?

A
  • the engine has cooling fans that circulate air, but is not liquid cooled
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5
Q

What does horizontally opposed mean?

A
  • the cylinders are lying flat
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6
Q

What are the primary flight controls?

A
  • ailerons, rudder, and elevator
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7
Q

How are primary flight controls operated?

A
  • manually operated through cables, pullies, and mechanical linkages
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8
Q

What type of ailerons do we have?

A
  • differential ailerons
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9
Q

How do differential ailerons work?

A
  • the upward deflected aileron is deflect more than the downward deflected aileron
  • upward aileron produces more lift to help reduce adverse yaw
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10
Q

What type of flaps do we have?

A
  • slotted flaps
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11
Q

How do slotted flaps work?

A
  • high pressure air below the wing flows through the slot and meets the low pressure air above the wing
  • delays airflow separation producing less drag
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12
Q

How are the flaps operated?

A
  • manually operated, electrically powered
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13
Q

What are the secondary flight controls?

A
  • trim
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14
Q

What type of propeller do we have?

A
  • fixed pitch
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15
Q

How long is the propeller?

A
  • 76 inches
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16
Q

What type of landing gear do we have?

A
  • tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel and 2 main gears
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17
Q

How does shock absorption work?

A
  • nose gear shock strut
  • spring steel struts on the mains
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18
Q

How does braking work?

A
  • each wheel has a hydraulically actuated disc brake
  • the brakes are connected to a master cylinder attached the the rudder pedals
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19
Q

What color is hydraulic fluid?

A
  • red
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20
Q

How much fuel can we carry?

A
  • 56 gallons total, 2 26.5 gallon vented fuel tanks
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21
Q

How does fuel go from the tanks to the engine?

A
  • gravity fed
  • fuel tank > fuel selector > fuel reservoir tank > electric fuel pump > fuel shutoff valve > strainer > engine driven fuel pump > fuel/air control unit > cylinder
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22
Q

How does the G1000 get fuel information?

A
  • fuel sensors in each tank
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23
Q

What type of oil system do we have?

A
  • wet sump
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24
Q

What is the oil capacity?

A
  • 8 quarts
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25
Q

What does wet sump mean?

A
  • oil pump draws fuel from the sump and distributes oil to the engine
  • after passing through the engine it goes back to the sump
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26
Q

What are the functions of engine oil?

A
  • cleans
  • cools
  • hydraulic action
  • corrosion protection
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27
Q

How does a 4-stroke engine work?

A
  • Intake (intake valve opens, fuel/air mixture enter combustion chamber)
  • Compression (piston moves up, compressing fuel/air mixture)
  • Power (sparkplugs ignite fuel/air mixture creating explosion and forcing piston down)
  • Exhaust (exhaust valve opens, letting exhaust gas out of cylinder)
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28
Q

How many fuel pumps do we have?

A
  • 2
  • electric fuel pump
  • engine-driven fuel pump
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29
Q

What does the alternator control unit (ACU) do?

A
  • automatically disconnects the alternator by disconnecting the “ALT FLD” circuit breaker in case of over-voltage
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30
Q

What does the “LOW VOLTS” annunciator mean?

A
  • voltage falls below 24.5V
  • alternator is not supplying the required power for the electrical system
31
Q

What type of electrical system do we have?

A
  • 28 volt DC belt-driven alternator, a 24-volt main battery, and a standby battery that provides 30 minutes of use to the essential bus
32
Q

What is on the essential bus?

A
  • PFD, ADC/AHRS, COM1, NAV1, STBY indicator lights, STBY BATT
33
Q

How many buses does the electrical system have?

A
  • 6
34
Q

What do circuit breakers do?

A
  • protects electrical equipment from over-voltage and power surges
35
Q

How do circuit breakers work?

A
  • they are designed to carry a specific electrical load, if too much current flows through the circuit breaker the conductor heats up and expands, popping the circuit breaker
36
Q

What does DC mean?

A
  • direct current
  • current flows in one direction and it can be stored
37
Q

What type of avionics do we have?

A
  • G1000
38
Q

How does a G1000 operate?

A
  • Line replaceable units (LRU’s)
  • Air data computer (ADC)
  • Attitude and heading reference system (AHRS)
39
Q

How does the ADC work?

A
  • provides information for the pitot/static instruments (ASI, ALT, VSI)
  • information from the pitot tube and static port is sent to the ADC which computes the information and creates a digital display
40
Q

How does the AHRS work?

A
  • provides information for the gyroscopic instruments
  • solid state (doesn’t move)
  • electromagnetic mechanical gyroscopes (measures systems angular rate)
  • accelerometer (measures acceleration, pitch and roll)
  • magnetometer (measures difference between Earth’s magnetic field, yaw)
41
Q

Where is the magnetometer located?

A
  • the left wing panel
42
Q

Where is the AHRS located?

A
  • the tail cone
43
Q

What de-icing and anti-icing systems do we have?

A
  • pitot heat, fuel vent location, alternate induction air trap door, alternate static air, and heated windscreen
44
Q

What would happen if the pitot tube becomes blocked?

A
  • ASI will show zero
45
Q

What would happen if the pitot tube and drain hole becomes blocked?

A
  • ASI will act as an altimeter
46
Q

What would happen if the static port becomes blocked?

A
  • ASI will show high in climb and low in descent
  • ALT will be frozen
  • VSI will show zero
47
Q

What would happen if you use alternate static air?

A
  • ASI faster than actual
  • ALT higher than actual
  • VSI shows momentary climb
48
Q

What should you do if a circuit breaker trips?

A
  • wait about 60 seconds before pushing it back in
  • if it trips more than twice, do not reset it
49
Q

What are the engine starting restrictions?

A
  • do not crank for more than 10 seconds, allow 20 seconds between each crank, and repeat no more than 6 times
50
Q

If the engine quits during the magneto check during the run-up, what should you do?

A
  • throttle to idle and do not return magnetos to both position
51
Q

If you notice a drop in oil pressure and rise in oil temperature, what is happening?

A
  • engine will likely die soon
  • reduce power and find a suitable place to land
52
Q

If you see the high volts annunciator come on, what is happening?

A
  • ACU is inoperative
53
Q

If you see the low volts annunciator come on, what is happening?

A
  • the alternator is malfunctioning
54
Q

What do balance weights do?

A
  • shifts the control surface’s CG closer to the hinge line to create a shorter arm
  • shorter arm reduced tendency of fluttering
55
Q

How do frise ailerons work?

A
  • protrudes slightly into the airstream, increasing drag to counter adverse yaw
56
Q

How do ailerons work?

A
  • produce a rolling moment around the longitudinal axis
  • ## increases lift on one wing while decreasing lift on the other
57
Q

How do ailerons work?

A
  • produce a rolling moment around the longitudinal axis
  • increases lift on one wing while decreasing lift on the other causing the airplane to bank
58
Q

What is adverse yaw?

A
  • tendency for the aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction of the turn
  • during left turn, right aileron is deflected downward creating more lift and more drag, the increase in drag on outside wing causes nose to yaw outside the turn
59
Q

How does the elevator work?

A
  • controls the pitch up and pitch down motion about the lateral axis
  • when pulling the yoke back, the elevator is deflected upward, decreasing the camber of the horizontal stabilizer, creating a downward aerodynamic force which causing the tail to drop and the nose to raise
60
Q

What is the primary purpose of the horizontal stabilizer?

A
  • creates a tail downforce to provide longitudinal stability
61
Q

How does the rudder work?

A
  • when the rudder is deflected, it creates an aerodynamic moment around the CG and yaws the aircraft
62
Q

What is the purpose of primary flight controls?

A
  • provide control of the aircraft about the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axis
63
Q

What is the purpose of the secondary flight controls?

A
  • supplement the primary flight controls
64
Q

How does trim work?

A
  • trim tab moves opposite the elevator to create an equal but opposite moment
65
Q

What do flaps do?

A
  • increases the camber of the wing, increasing lift and drag, and reduced stall speed
  • allows you to fly a steeper approach angle
66
Q

What does the fuel/air control unit do?

A
  • meters fuel flow according to measured airflow entering the engine, evenly distributes the fuel to each cylinder
67
Q

What does the fuel/air control unit do?

A
  • meters fuel flow according to measured airflow entering the engine, evenly distributes the fuel to each cylinder
68
Q

Why are the fuel tanks vented?

A
  • maintains ambient pressure and prevents the creation of a vacuum that would restrict correct fuel flow to the engine
69
Q

What does the fuel return line do?

A
  • returns from the fuel/air control unit back to the fuel reservoir
  • prevents the formation of vapor lock
70
Q

What does the “HIGH VOLTS” annunciator mean?

A
  • volts exceed 32 volts
  • alternator control unit has failed, electrical system will likely catch on fire
71
Q

What is the primary purpose of the vertical stabilizer?

A
  • weathervane the aircraft w/ the relative wind
71
Q

What is the primary purpose of the vertical stabilizer?

A
  • weathervane the aircraft w/ the relative wind
72
Q

What is the primary purpose of the rudder?

A
  • counter adverse yaw, maintain coordination
73
Q

What does the shimmy damper do?

A
  • prevent rapid unwanted movement of the nosewheel (speed wobbles)

Embry-Riddle Flight Instructor (10 decks)

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