221 Flashcards
What gets you to above 100’ above the touchdown zone elevation on an instrument approach?
- white approach lighting
When can you go below minimums on an instrument approach?
- be able to make a descent to landing on a stable approach
- visibility must be at or above published minimums
- runway environment in sight
What gets you to land on an instrument approach?
- red approach lighting
- runway threshold
- runway threshold lights
- runway end identifier lights
- visual approach slope indicator
- touchdown zone/touchdown zone markings
- touchdown zone lights
- runway/runway markings
- runway lights
What is the MMAILLMANN acronym for briefing approaches?
- Minimum weather
- Minimum descent altitude/decision altitude
- Airspeed for final approach segment (80 knots)
- Initial rate of descent for final approach segment
- Lighting
- Landing (straight in, circling, etc.)
- Missed approach procedures
- Altimeter setting
- Navigation aids (frequencies, final approach course, etc.)
- Notes
What is the MMAILLMANN acronym for briefing approaches?
- Minimum weather
- Minimum descent altitude/decision altitude
- Airspeed for final approach segment (80 knots)
- Initial rate of descent for final approach segment
- Lighting
- Landing (straight in, circling, etc.)
- Missed approach procedures
- Altimeter setting
- Navigation aids (frequencies, final approach course, etc.)
- Notes
What 3 things need to be done prior to reaching the initial approach fix?
- ATIS
- Brief
- Checklist
What are the 6 C’s for preforming a missed approach?
- Cram
- Climb
- Clean
- Cool
- Call
- Care
How are aircraft approach categories determined and what are they?
- based on reference landing speed (Vref), if not specified it is based on 1.3 Vso at max certified landing weight
- Category A = less than 91 knots
- Category B = 91 knots but less than 121 knots
- Category C = 121 knots but less than 141 knots
- Category D = 141 knots but less than 166 knots
- Category E = 166 knots and above
What is a decision altitude (DA)?
- specified altitude in MSL on a precision approach at which a missed approach must be executed if the runway environment is not in sight
- used on CAT I ILS approaches
What is a decision height (DH)?
- specified height above touchdown zone elevation at which a missed approach must be executed if the runway environment is not in sight
- used on CAT II/III ILS approaches
What is a minimum descent altitude (MDA)?
- lowest altitude in MSL you can descent to on a non-precision approach before the runway environment is in sight
When is a procedure turn not required?
- NoPT
- radar vectors
- timed approach from a holding fix
- cleared straight in
- holding pattern in lieu of PT
- no procedure turn barb
What is fuel on board?
- (fuel remaining/cruise fuel burn rate) + est. time enroute
When is the ILS critical area active?
- at or below 800’ ceilings and 2 SM visibility
What are the 4 ways to avoid a published hold?
- cleared straight in
- radar vectors
- NoPT
- not published
What does “climb via” mean?
- must comply with the lateral path of the SID
- must comply with published speed restrictions
- must comply with published altitude restrictions
You are cleared to “climb via” the SID, there is a published altitude restriction at a fix that is higher than the published top altitude. Which altitude are you cleared to?
- you are only cleared to the published top altitude
You are cleared to “climb via” the SID, later you are cleared to “climb and maintain”. Do you still have to comply with the published altitude restrictions?
- no, you are expected to vacate your current altitude and perform an unrestricted climb to the altitude assigned by ATC
You are cleared to “climb via” the SID, while on the SID, ATC issues you a vector. Do you still have to “climb via”?
- No, ATC will also issue a new altitude since you no longer on the lateral path of the SID
What does “descend via” mean?
- must comply with the lateral path of the STAR
- must comply with published speed restrictions
- must comply with published altitude restrictions
You are cleared to “descend via”, what altitude can you descend to?
- published bottom altitude
If an instrument approach procedure connects to the STAR, are the instrument approach procedure altitudes part of the STAR?
- No, must receive appropriate clearance from ATC