Weather Hazards

Question 1

wwhat are the 3 cells in the global atmospheric circulation model?

Answer 1

hadley, ferrel, polar

Question 2

what is pressure like in the polar cell?

Answer 2

high, so there is cold air

Question 3

what is the sun’s distribution of heat like at the poles?

Answer 3

spread out

Question 4

what is global circulation of heat caused by?

Answer 4

heating air at the Equator and cooling air at the poles

Question 5

what is the sun’s distribution of heat like at the equator?

Answer 5

concentrated

Question 6

what happens to air pressure when cold air sinks?

Answer 6

air pressure rises

Question 7

where do downwards trade winds point in the northern hemisphere?

Answer 7

South West(so upwards point opposite)

Question 8

where do downwards trade winds point in the southern hemisphere

Answer 8

south east

Question 9

what is the coriolis effect?

Answer 9

the earths surface rotates faster at the equator than at the poles (because its wider), so as air moves from the equator it curves

Question 10

where are tropical storms usually found?

Answer 10

between the tropics, so between 5° and 30° N and S of the equator

Question 11

in the northern hemisphere, tropical storms spin…

Answer 11

anti-clockwise

Question 12

in the southern hemisphere, tropical storms spin…

Answer 12

clockwise

Question 13

what scale do we use to classify tropical storms?

Answer 13

Saffir-Simpson scale

Question 14

what are stages 1 and 2 of forming a tropical storm?

Answer 14

the sun’s insolation warms the tropics to 27°

Question 15

what is stage 3 and 4 of forming a tropical storm?

Answer 15

this warmth causes warm air to rise through thermals, which cools as it rises and condenses to form clouds and rain (low pressure)

Question 16

what is stage 5 of forming a tropical storm?

Answer 16

this cool air sinks, to form the eye (dry air)

Question 17

what is stage 6 of forming a tropical storm?

Answer 17

air rushes in from areas of high pressure outside of the storm, which lowers pressure at the centre of the storm and creates winds

Question 18

what is stage 7 of forming a tropical storm?

Answer 18

the whole storm rotates because of the earth’s spin

Question 19

what are features of a tropical storm?

Answer 19

waters of 27°, low wind shear, not on land or on the equator, cumulonimbus clouds form, a calm eye

Question 20

what impact may climate change have on the distribution of tropical storms?

Answer 20

more tropical storms further from the equator, because the increase in temperature will increase temperatures of oceans

Question 21

what impact may climate change have on the intensity of tropical storms?

Answer 21

more higher category storms, as there is more energy in the storm’s system to fuel it, due to the hotter sea temperatures

Question 22

what impact may climate change have on the frequency of tropical storms?

Answer 22

stay the same, as wind shear can tear the storms apart, or increase as waters get hotter

Question 23

which airport was damaged in typhoon haiyan?

Answer 23

Tacloban airport, so it was difficult for aid to get in

Question 24

how many fishing boats were destroyed because of the typhoon?

Answer 24

30,000

Question 25

which diseases outbroke after Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 25

Typhoid and Tetnus

Question 26

what were some secondary effects of typhoon haiyan?

Answer 26

looting and violence, food shortages, power cut off

Question 27

how many people died in Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 27

7,400

Question 28

what are some immediate responses from Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 28

1,200 evacuation centres UK government sent shelter kits Philippines Red Cross delivered basic food aid

Question 29

what are some long term responses from Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 29

the UN donated financial aid, Oxfam supported re-establishing fishing boats, cash for work programmes helped clean debris

Question 30

how can you monitor tropical storms?

Answer 30

satellites monitor cloud patterns associated with tropical storms

Question 31

what is an example of monitoring tropical storms?

Answer 31

NASA

Question 32

how can tropical storms be predicted?

Answer 32

supercomputers assess data to predict a location within 400km of the tropical storm

Question 33

what is an example of predicting tropical storms?

Answer 33

National Hurricane Centre (USA)

Question 34

how can protection decrease the effects of tropical storms?

Answer 34

reinforcing buildings, coastal flood defences, no build zones

Question 35

what is an example of protection from tropical storms in the USA?

Answer 35

FEMA where the USA advises home owners how to protect land

Question 36

how can planning reduce the risks of tropical storms?

Answer 36

disaster supply kits, evacuation plans

Question 37

what is an example of a planning scheme to reduce the risks of tropical storms?

Answer 37

American National Hurricane Preparedness week

Question 38

what is the definition of extreme weather?

Answer 38

weather significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern

Question 39

what is our case study for extreme UK weather?

Answer 39

Beast from the East, 2018

Question 40

how did the Beast from the East happen?

Answer 40

there was a change to the northern polar jet stream, which twisted and drew in cold air to the UK from the East

Question 41

what are some social effects of the Beast from the East?

Answer 41

hospitals in Glasgow cancelled outpatient appointments, a baby was born on the A66 because parents could not reach the hospital

Question 42

what is an economic effect of the Beast from the east?

Answer 42

insurance costs were above £10million and the weather cost the UK millions

Question 43

what are some management strategies of the Beast from the East?

Answer 43

the met office established a red warning, stranded drivers were given blankets, greggs delivery van gave out food, rail passengers discouraged from travelling

Question 44

air surface temperatures in the UK have risen by... in 100 years

Answer 44

1°

Question 45

the top ten warmest years for the UK...

Answer 45

since 1884 have occurred since 2002

Question 46

what is some evidence for climate change from the Quaternary period until today?

Answer 46

average global sea level has risen between 10 and 20cm in the past 100 years

Question 47

how do ice cores give evidence for climate change?

Answer 47

the carbon dioxide sequence in the cores give an idea of global temperatures

Question 48

how do orbital changes account for climate change?

Answer 48

the elliptical axis of the sun heats the earth as the earth's tilt is towards the sun (closer to it)

Question 49

how does solar output affect climate change?

Answer 49

there can be fluctuations in radiation emitted from the sun, so when more is emitted, the earth's temperature increases

Question 50

how does volcanic activity affect climate change?

Answer 50

volcanic ash blocks rays from the sun in the short term, so the Earth's temperature decreases

Question 51

how does deforestation affect climate change?

Answer 51

less trees means less of a carbon sink, and slash and burn culture. both keep co2 or release it into the atmosphere

Question 52

how does agriculture affect climate change?

Answer 52

pesticides are produces with fossil fuels so co2 is released. when food is transported co2 is released. reaping lots of cows and dairy releases methane

Question 53

how do fossil fuels affect climate change?

Answer 53

burning fossil fuels like coal gas and oil release co2

Question 54

how does alternative energy production mitigate climate change?

Answer 54

changing to renewables decreases fossil fuels burning and co2 released

Question 55

how does carbon capture and storage mitigate climate change?

Answer 55

reduces co2 into the atmosphere

Question 56

what is an example of an international agreement which mitigates climate change?

Answer 56

Paris 2015 agreement agreed to limit global temperature rise by 1.5°

Question 57

how can changes in agriculture adapt to climate change?

Answer 57

drought resistant crops can be grown, usually milder countries (UK) can grow more exotic crops

Question 58

how can managing water supply adapt to climate change?

Answer 58

hotter temps mean less water, hosepipe bans, reservoirs conserve water

Question 59

how can reducing risk from rising sea levels adapt to climate change?

Answer 59

coastal retreat and sea walls prevent economic damage from rising sea levels