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Geography > Challenge of Resource Management > Flashcards

Challenge of Resource Management Flashcards

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1
Q

what is agribusiness?

A

agriculture conducted on strictly commercial purposes

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2
Q

how does agribusiness operate?

A

large scale intensive farming with a high input of chemicals, machinery and investments in irrigation

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3
Q

what is the impact of agribusiness in the UK?

A

a greater range of products can be grown in the UK, so there is less of a need to import crops

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4
Q

what are three ways to increase water supply?

A

saving water, water transfer, building reservoirs

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5
Q

what are some issues caused by poor water quality?

A

toxic waters transfer toxins to humans
pesticides kill parts of the ecosystems

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6
Q

how can we manage water quality?

A

-green roofs
-education campaigns
-legislation

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7
Q

how do green roofs manage water quality?

A

filter out pollutants naturally in rainwater. flood risk from runoff is reduced. absorb co2

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8
Q

how do education campaigns manage water quality?

A

these inform the public about how to put appropriate things in sewage

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9
Q

how does legislation manage water quality?

A

the UK has strict laws so factories and farms limit the water types they put into rivers

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10
Q

what are economic challenges associated with fossil fuel exploitation?

A

-coal must be imported into the UK
-miners suffer from diseases so health services face a cost
-climate change requires flood defences etc

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11
Q

what are environmental challenges associated with fossil fuel exploitation?

A

-burning fossil fuels release greenhouse gases so climate change
-acid rain
-access roads destroy habitats

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12
Q

what are economic challenges associated with nuclear exploitation?

A

-nuclear power stations are expensive to build
-nuclear transport is expensive

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13
Q

what are environmental challenges associated with nuclear exploitation?

A

-nuclear spillages release radiation into the air which affects wildlife and people

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14
Q

what are economic challenges associated with renewables?

A

-high setup costs
-low profitability
-visual environment impact could inhibit tourism

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15
Q

what are environmental challenges associated with renewables?

A

-wind turbines can affect bird migration patterns
-ugly
-noisy so can disrupt wildlife

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16
Q

what are two reasons for increasing food consumption? (global)

A

population growth, level of development

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17
Q

what are 6 factors affecting global food supply?

A

climate, water stress, pests, conflict, poverty, technology

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18
Q

how does climate affect global food supply?

A

deserted areas bake soil, drought (ethiopia), floods. all prohibit adequate plant growth

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19
Q

how does technology affect global food supply?

A

HIC’s can invest in tech such as harvesters, but LIC’s can’t which limit their productivity

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20
Q

how do pests affect global food supply?

A

mice and rats eat crops so crop yield decreases. LIC’s cannot afford pesticides

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21
Q

how does water stress affect global food supply?

A

without water, farmers cannot water their crops. LIC’s cannot afford irrigation

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22
Q

how does conflict affect global food supply?

A

-farmers have to leave their land to fight
-farmers have to flee for refuge
-crops burnt in battle
common in areas like Syria, Sudan and Yemen

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23
Q

how does poverty affect global food supply?

A

people who live in poverty are weaker so cannot work as much to afford food. or farmers cannot work as hard

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24
Q

what are the impacts of food insecurity (global)?

A

famine, undernutrition, soil erosion, rising prices, social unrest

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25
Q

what does famine lead to?

A

undernutrition

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26
Q

what does undernutrition lead to?

A

-weakened immunity
-vulnerability to disease
-deficiencies
-hindered physical and cognitive development in children

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27
Q

how many people suffered from undernutrition in 2012-2014?

A

1 in 9

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28
Q

how does food insecurity lead to soil erosion?

A

land is exhausted, blown and washed away so soil erosion occurs

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29
Q

how does food insecurity lead to rising prices?

A

food shortages lead to price increases

30
Q

flour and oil prices doubled in…

A

Algeria

31
Q

how does food insecurity lead to social unrest?

A

food shortages can be blamed on governments, causing revolts

32
Q

what is irrigation?

A

artificially watering land

33
Q

how does irrigation help increase food supply?

A

increases crop yields , so reduces poverty

34
Q

what are challenges regarding irrigation?

A

-high costs of investment
-salinization

35
Q

what is salinization?

A

the increase in salt content of water, food or plants

36
Q

what are aeroponics?

A

plants grown in air and sprayed with fine water mist

37
Q

why do aeroponics help increase food supply?

A

less water and nutrients are needed
requires small amounts of space, so more plants can be grown

38
Q

why do aeroponics have challenges?

A

they rely on nutrient misting systems which can break
roots chambers need regular cleaning

39
Q

what are hydroponics?

A

plants grown in nutrient-rich water

40
Q

why do hydroponics help increase food supply?

A

nutrients they receive help them to grow faster
crops can be transported in water so they are more fresh

41
Q

what is a challenge regarding hydroponics?

A

technical expertise is needed
the system is expensive to setup and run

42
Q

what is the green revolution?

A

sustainable and community based harvesting, using techniques like soil conservation and water harvesting

43
Q

why does the new green revolution help increase food supply

A

-higher crop yields
-development of herbicides and pesticides
-greater quantities of cheaper food produced

44
Q

what is a challenge of the new green revolution?

A

crop yields aren’t growing with population growth

45
Q

what is biotechnology/ GM crops?

A

living organisms help modify plants to increase crop yields

46
Q

how do GM crops increase crop yields?

A

shelf life and flavour is improved
disease resistant crop

47
Q

what is a challenge regarding GM crops?

A

health concerns

48
Q

what is appropriate technology?

A

using skills or materials thar are cheap and easily available to increase crop output

49
Q

how will appropriate technology increase food supply?

A

more accessible for LIC’s where there is food deficit

50
Q

what is a challenge regarding appropriate technology?

A

repairs can be inadequate

51
Q

what is our example of a large scale agricultural development?

A

Almeria, Spain

52
Q

what are some characteristics of Almeria?

A

there is sunlight throughout the year, overabstraction is common

53
Q

what is overabstraction?

A

when there is more water being taken in (for produce), than rain falling

54
Q

Almeria produces… of Europe’s fruit and veg?

A

50%

55
Q

what are two economic advantages of Almeria?

A

-there are low energy costs as there are natural high temperatures in the greenhouse
-factories nearby can also gain income by producing and reusing plastic

56
Q

what are two environmental advantages of Almeria?

A

-hydroponics use less water
-the greenhouse has a white surface (albedo effect). spain temperatures have increased by 1-3°, but Almeria’s dropped by 0.3°

57
Q

what is a social advantage of Almeria?

A

UK strict regulations have limited pesticide use, so working conditions have improved

58
Q

what is an economic DISadvantages of Almeria?

A

it is estimated that workers are paid between 33-35 euros per day

59
Q

what are two environmental disadvantages of Almeria?

A

-aquifers are drying up
-greenhouse production requires 1000mm of annual rainfall in a region which receives 200mm

60
Q

what are two social disadvantages of Almeria?

A

-100,000 migrant workers have few rights (no toilets, women forced into prostitution
-temperatures can reach 45° which is insufferable for workers

61
Q

what is our example of a local scheme in an LIC to increase sustainable supplies of food?

A

Jamalpur, Bangladesh

62
Q

who led rice-fish farming?

A

Practical Action

63
Q

how does rice fish farming work?

A

rice plants grow in flooded paddies, where fish also live

64
Q

how much could farmers make from their fish and rice?

A

26200 tk for fish and 18000 for rice

65
Q

what is the impact of rice fish farming?

A

farmers can afford to buy nutritious food like vegetables and fruit, and their children are going to school

66
Q

what are some examples of increasing sustainable supplied of food?

A

sustainable meat and fish farming, organic farming, permaculture

67
Q

what are some examples of reducing food loss and food waste?

A

buying ugly fruit and veg to reduce food loss
using leftovers to reduce food waste

68
Q

what is permaculture?

A

farming to help the land

69
Q

example of sustainable meat and fish

A

freedom food

70
Q

how could sustainable meat and fish work

A

no overfishing, free range methods, illegal fishing stopped

Geography (14 decks)

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