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Changing Economic World: Nigeria Flashcards

1
Q

What does quality of life refer to?

A

The range of human needs that should be met alongside income growth

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2
Q

What does GNI stand for?

A

Gross National Income

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3
Q

What does GNI take into account?

A

value of goods and services and income from investments overseas

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4
Q

what are the 3 ways of classifying countries level of development?

A

HIC, NEE, LIC

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5
Q

what are 7 ways of measuring country development?

A

Life expectancy, birth rates, death rates, access to safe water, healthcare, literacy rates, infant mortality

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6
Q

what are some limitations of using GNI to measure development?

A

-informal sector may not be accounted for
-an average so anomalies may distort figures

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7
Q

what are some limitations of using birth rates to measure development?

A

birth control policies distort figures (eg China)

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8
Q

what are some limitations of using death rates to measure development?

A

many people in HIC’s may die from old age

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9
Q

what are some limitations of using infant mortality rate to measure development?

A

in LIC’s, deaths of newborns may not even be recorded

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10
Q

what are some limitations of using literacy rates to measure development

A

-difficult to measure in squatter settlements

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11
Q

what are some limitations of using water access to measure development?

A

some people may have access to clean water, but it is too expensive for them to use

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12
Q

What does the HDI take into account?

A

GNI, life expectancy, education

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13
Q

How would birth rate change as a country becomes more developed?

A

decrease
-access to contraception
-women are more educated

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14
Q

How would population change as a country becomes more developed?

A

increase, more people migrate in due to pull factors created
(natural decrease may occur)

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15
Q

How would death rate change as a country becomes more developed?

A

young deaths decrease, more elderly deaths

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16
Q

How would life expectancy change as a country becomes more developed?

A

increase as healthcare improves

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17
Q

what 3 factors cause uneven development?

A

history, physical, economic

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18
Q

what aspect of history led to uneven development?

A

colonisation

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19
Q

what are 2 aspects of physical landscape that lead to uneven development?

A

landlocked countries, extreme weather

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20
Q

what are 2 aspects of economy that lead to uneven development?

A

poverty and trade

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21
Q

what are the strategies for closing the development gap?

A

aid, microfinance loans, investment, industrial development, fair trade, debt relief

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22
Q

what are advantages of investment of TNC’s (reducing dev gap)?

A

a positive multiplier effect is created
national scale
long term

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23
Q

what are disadvantages of investment of TNC’s (reducing dev gap)?

A

-economic leakages
-workers paid unfairly

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23
Q

what are advantages of industrial development (reducing dev gap)?

A

countries can trade high value goods
jobs supplied

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24
what are disadvantages of industrial development (reducing dev gap)?
high initial costs of work
25
what are advantages of aid for reducing the development gap?
helpful on a national scale
26
what is an example of using aid to close the development gap?
DRC gifted $73 million to build HEP
27
what are disadvantages of aid for reducing the development gap?
-could be tied aid -gov may use it inappropriately -short term
28
what is an advantage of fairtrade for reducing the development gap?
countries get given a better price for their product
29
what is a disadvantage of fairtrade for reducing the development gap?
difficult to regulate
30
what is an advantage of debt relief for reducing the development gap?
long term can be used to improve economy
31
what is a positive impact of tourism/ development in Tunisia?
-it is one of the fastest growing global economies -improvements on literacy rates
32
what is a negative impact of tourism/ development in Tunisia?
TUI keeps money from tourism water consumption is high
33
what is Tunisias monthly rainfall?
1.5 inches
34
how many airports are there in Tunisia?
9
35
what is Nigerias regional importance?
it has the largest population in Africa (218 million)
36
what is Nigerias global importance?
Nollywood is the third largest film industry in the world
37
how many ethnic groups are there in Nigeria?
300
38
what religions dominate Nigeria?
Christianity and Islam
39
how many times has Nigeria won the African Cup of Nations
3
40
does Nigeria have a varied environment?
yes
41
what happened in 2011 and 2015 in Nigeria?
political elections were declared fair and free
42
how much of the worlds oil is supplied by Nigeria?
2.7%
43
what are the fastest growing industries in Nigeria?
film, telecommunications, retail
44
what proportion of Nigerias industry comes from manufacturing?
over half
45
what has happened to the proportion of people working in agriculture in Nigeria?
it has halved
46
what has grown under a stable government in Nigeria?
industrialisation
47
what is an example of neo-colonialism in Nigeria?
Lekki Free Port
48
How many jobs were created from the Lekki Free Trade Zone (attracts manufacturers)?
100,000
49
what is our case study example of a TNC in a host country?
Shell in Nigeria
50
what is an economic adv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?
shell pays taxes to the gov, 90% of staff are Nigerian
51
what is an economic disadv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?
TNC's can withdraw investment without warning, leakage of profits
52
what is a social adv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?
workers have new expertise, healthcare is provided
53
what is a social disadv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?
human rights abuse against Ogoni people, they are stripped of their land but remain poor
54
what is an environmental adv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?
they try to clean up messes, Shell Foundation helps biodiversity in local areas
55
what is an environmental disadv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?
Shell has spilt 500 million gallons of oil in the Nigerian Delta
56
How is Nigeria important politically?
Nigeria plays a significant political role in the African Union
57
what percentage of the population in Nigeria live on less than 63p per day? (reason for aid)
60%
58
what short term aid did the UN give to Nigeria?
emergency food to 400,000 people in nothern Nigeria facing poverty
59
what claims have been made about the Nigerian government using aid inappropriately?
the gov used aid to fund the navy
60
what long term aid does the UK give to Nigeria?
£300 million every year, to use on healthcare and sanitation
61
China tied aid to Nigeria?
China supplied arms to Nigeria, in return, Nigeria imports cheap Chinese goods
62
how many illegal small scale industries does Nigeria have?
10,000, leading to env issues
63
what are environmental impacts of industrial growth in Nigeria?
breathing problems from breathing in fumes, pollutants enter ecosystems
64
what are environmental impacts of urban growth in Nigeria?
squatter settlements don't have good access to waste disposal. traffic congestion
65
what are environmental impacts of mineral extraction in Nigeria?
waters polluted with toxic metals, oil spills pollute and cause fires --> co2 released
66
where did Nigeria's HDI rank (economic dev on quality of life)?
161st

Geography (14 decks)

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