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Geography > Hot deserts > Flashcards

Hot deserts Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are most of the worlds hot deserts located?

A

20-30° North and South of the equator

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2
Q

Why are hot deserts so arid?

A

They are located on belts of high pressure so the sinking air prevents formation of clouds and rain.

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3
Q

what is the annual rainfall like in hot deserts?

A

less than 250mm

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4
Q

What are summer temperatures like in hot deserts?

A

Above 40°

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5
Q

What is the landscape of hot deserts like?

A

Rocky, desolate

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6
Q

What is biodiversity like in hot deserts?

A

Very limited biodiversity

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7
Q

How have kangaroo rats adapted to hot desert climate?

A

They produce little urine to retain water
Live in burrows in the day to shelter from the heat

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8
Q

How have fennec foxes adapted to hot desert conditions?

A

Their large ears dissipate body heat
Sandy fur helps reflect heat and camouflage

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9
Q

How have camels adapted to hot desert climate?

A

Can drink up to 32 gallons of water in one sitting
Store fat in a store

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10
Q

How are linear leaves an adaptation to hot desert climate?

A

Reduce loss of water from evapotranspiration

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11
Q

How are tap roots an adaptation to hot climate?

A

They run deep (25m) to search for deep water

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12
Q

What is our case study for a hot desert?

A

Western Desert, USA

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13
Q

Which States is the Western Desert located

A

New Mexico, Arizona , California

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14
Q

Why does tourism happen in deserts?

A

Many deserts are National Parks
Learn about Native American culture

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15
Q

Which dam is in the Western desert?

A

The Hoover Dam

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16
Q

How many visitors does the hoover dam attract per year?

A

37 million

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17
Q

Which lake does the Hoover dam pass through?

A

Lake Mead

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18
Q

What are the challenges about tourism in the Western Desert?

A

The hot climate makes it uncomfortable for visitors
Air conditioning is expensive

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19
Q

Why does farming happen in deserts?

A

Spacious areas, high sunlight and access to aquafers

20
Q

What are aquafers?

A

Underground water stores

21
Q

Which place grows fruits and vegetables in the Western Desert?

A

Coachella Valley

22
Q

What percentage of the Colorado river is used for agriculture?

A

80%

23
Q

What percentage of income is agriculture from colorado river?

A

10%

24
Q

What challenges are related to farming in deserts?

A

-aquafers cannot recharge
-high rates of evapotranspiration
-limited water supplies

25
Q

Why does energy generation occur in deserts?

A

High sunlight allows for solar energy
Hoover dam–> hydroelectric power

26
Q

Why does mineral extraction occur in deserts?

A

Deserts are rich in coal, copper and uranium

27
Q

What is a case study specific for mineral extraction?

A

Ajo, Arizona

28
Q

What are the social challenges of mineral extraction?

A

Poor working conditions
Navajo people displaced

29
Q

What are the economic challenges of mineral extraction?

A

Very high costs of work

30
Q

What are the environmental challenges of mineral extraction?

A

-Soil erosion is common
-Water contamination

31
Q

Why is accessibility an issue of hot deserts?

A

Lack of surfaced roads

32
Q

Which road was constructed in the Western Desert?

A

Route 66

33
Q

Which states does Route 66 connect?

A

Chicago and California

34
Q

What is the temperature in Death Valley?

A

54.4°

35
Q

What is desertification?

A

The process where land becomes drier as a result of human activity or climate change or both

36
Q

What are the 6 causes of desertification?

A

Climate change, population growth, overgrazing, overcultivation, soil erosion, and removal of fuelwood

37
Q

Why is climate change a cause of desertification?

A

Climate change increases global temperatures and decreases rainfall, making areas more arid

38
Q

Why is population growth a cause of desertification?

A

Demand for food increases, land is put under pressure, so soil erosion increases

39
Q

Why is removal of fuelwood a cause of desertification?

A

When land is stripped of its trees, it is vulnerable to being eroded by wind and rain

40
Q

Why is overgrazing a cause of desertification?

A

Animals leave land bare and vulnerable to erosion and soil is exhausted of its nutrients

41
Q

Why is overcultivation a cause of desertification?

A

Land is stripped and rid of its nutrients

42
Q

Why is soil erosion a cause of desertification?

A

When soil is left bare, it is baked by the sun and becomes more dry

43
Q

What are three management strategies of desertification?

A

Water and soil management
Planting more trees
Appropriate technology

44
Q

How is appropriate technology used to combat desertification?

A

Bunds, growing drought resistant crops

45
Q

How is water management used to combat desertification?

A

Irrigation

46
Q

How can planting trees combat desertification?

A

Roots stabilise the soil, leaves intercept sunrays to prevent soil baking

47
Q

What is an example of a scheme of planting trees to avoid desertification?

A

The Great Green Wall

Geography (14 decks)

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