Weather

Question 1

What is pressure altitude? What’s the formula to calculate it?

Answer 1

field elevation corrected for nonstandard pressure

Pressure alt = field elev + (29.92 - current altimeter setting)1000

Question 2

What is density altitude? What’s the formula to calculate it?

Answer 2

thickness of air. Pressure alt corrected for non standard temp

Density alt = pressure alt + (OAT-ISA temp)120
(ISA should be corrected for elevation so 13 celcius for MSN)

Question 3

What is ISA?

Answer 3

international standard atmosphere

15 celcius at sea level
-2 per 1000 msl (mean sea level)
So madison is 13 celcius

Altimeter 29.92 in hg (or 1013 mBar)

Question 4

1 in hg pressure change = ___ ft elevation

Answer 4

Pressure drops by 1 in hg for every 1000 ft elevation

Question 5

SKC

Answer 5

0 of 8 pie slices have clouds

Question 6

BKN

Answer 6

5-7 of 8 pie slices have clouds

Question 7

SCT

Answer 7

3-4 of 8 pie slices have clouds

Question 8

OVC

Answer 8

8 of 8 pie slices have clouds

Question 9

FEW

Answer 9

1-2 of 8 pie slices have clouds

Question 10

Name the 3 weather cells from equator to pole

Answer 10

Hadley cell, Ferrell cell, Polar cell

Question 11

Cold air hits warm

Answer 11

Warm air rapidly forced up, bad weather results

Question 12

Warm air hits cold

Answer 12

Warm air rises gradually and condenses, resulting in slow steady rain

Question 13

What are the 4 types of air?

Answer 13

mP polar maritime
cP polar continental (arctic)
mT tropical maritime
cT tropical continental

Question 14

High pressure caused by

Answer 14

Colliding air

Question 15

Low pressure caused by

Answer 15

Splitting air

Question 16

What direction do hi and low pressure areas spin?

Answer 16

Hi - clockwise
Low - counterclockwise
(cap analogy)

Question 17

Temperature drops ___ degrees every 1000’

Answer 17

2 degrees

Question 18

3 ingredients for bad weather are:

Answer 18

1. Moisture
2. Lifting mechanism - mountain, cold front, bluffs, tractor
3. Unstable air - every 1000’ AGL, 2 deg colder. Instability caused by mixing air due to different temps in the layers

Question 19

Low clouds: altitude and summary

Answer 19

Low <6k ft
Small clouds, not much rain

Question 20

Middle clouds: altitude and summary

Answer 20

Mid 6k-20k ft
Rain

Question 21

High clouds: altitude

Answer 21

High >20k ft

Question 22

What’s a dry line?

Answer 22

Line between dry and moist air that pushes moist air up.

Question 23

Radiation Fog

Answer 23

Heat radiating out. Clear night with no clouds - earth’s surface is giving off heat. This fog happens right on the ground.

Question 24

Advection Fog

Answer 24

Sideways movement of air from water onto land in the morning

Question 25

Upslope Fog

Answer 25

Wind pushes air up mountain, pressure drops causing the air to cool adiabatically

Question 26

Steam Fog

Answer 26

Cold air hits warm water, water steams up into air

Question 27

When the METAR says RMK, it means \_\_\_

Answer 27

remark

Question 28

When the METAR says RAB, it means \_\_\_

Answer 28

rain began

Question 29

Cumulus

Answer 29

Any altitude, cotton ball clumped

Question 30

Stratus

Answer 30

Layers

Question 31

Cirrus

Answer 31

High altitude, no rain

Question 32

Nimbus

Answer 32

Moist - rain

Question 33

Cumulonimbus

Answer 33

Most likely to rain

Question 34

VFR: color, ceiling, visibility

Answer 34

Green Ceiling \>3k AGL Visibility \>5 sm

Question 35

IFR: color, ceiling, visibility

Answer 35

Red Ceiling 500-1k AGL Visibility 1-3 sm

Question 36

mVFR: color, ceiling, visibility

Answer 36

Blue Ceiling 1-3k AGL Visibility 3-5 sm

Question 37

lIFR: color, ceiling, visibility

Answer 37

Magenta Ceiling \<500 AGL Visibility \<1 sm

Question 38

When does your altimeter lie to you?

Answer 38

High to low, hot to cold, watch out below.

Question 39

Density affects ___ and pressure affects \_\_\_

Answer 39

Airspeed indication, altitude indication

Question 40

What services do FSS provide?

Answer 40

Weather briefings enroute weather recieve and process flight plans handle PIREPS relay clearances issue NOTAMS

Question 41

WFO (Weather forcast office)

Answer 41

Issues TAFs (some) issues weather warnings & soaring forcasts

Question 42

What services does the AWC provide?

Answer 42

AIRMETs SIGMETs + convective Area forcasts (FA) Significant weather Prog charts more random shit

Question 43

What do standard briefings contain?

Answer 43

Adverse conditions VNR (VFR not recommended) Synopsis (overview) Current conditions (unless departure is more that 2 hours out) En route forcast Destination forcast Winds aloft NOTAMs SFRA (prohibited areas & special flight rules areas) ATC delays RAIM availability (if requested)

Question 44

When is an outlook briefing appropriate?

Answer 44

When departure is 6+ hours away

Question 45

When is an abbreviated briefing appropriate?

Answer 45

When departure has been delayed

Question 46

How do you recieve an in-flight weather briefing?

Answer 46

Contact flight service via a frequency found in a VOR box or RCO frequency. Initial call should include tail number and frequency listening on. R next to frequency means it is recieve only so you may have to listen for a responce on the VOR frequency.

Question 47

Internet briefings

Answer 47

DUATS II (direct user access terminal) Allows anyone to access AWC weather or file flight plans www.duatsii.com or www.duats.com or www.1800wxbrief.com ADDS (aviation digital data service) FAA, NOAA & NCAR service, provides forecasts & observations

Question 48

TIBS (telephone information briefing service)

Answer 48

Prepared by flight service Provides area & route briefings Airspace procedures Special announcements

Question 49

HIWAS (hazardous in-flight weather advisory)

Answer 49

Continuous weather info broadcasted over selected NAVAIDS Includes- AIRMETs SIGMETs + convective Urgent PIREPS

Question 50

FIS-B (flight information service - broadcast)

Answer 50

Ground based broadcast provided by ADSB Properly equipped aircraft can access datalink weather info for recent conditions