Navigation

Question 1

Winds given for takeoff/landing are magnetic or true north?

Answer 1

Magnetic, since runways are aligned to magnetic north. All other winds are given in relation to true north (makes it easier to chart your course and figure out your heading).

Question 2

Acronym for finding compass heading based on true course

Answer 2

TV Makes Dull Children

True + Variation = Magnetic
+ Deviation = Compass

Question 3

Define “compass heading”

Answer 3

Reading that’s followed to achieve desired course

Question 4

Acronym for compass errors

Answer 4

D - deviation (Electrical instruments producing a magnetic field)
V - Variation (Magnetic pole being in different location than north pole)
M - Magnetic dip (too close to pole, compass dips down. That’s why there’s a tiny weight on the S-seeking side)
O - Oscillation (combo of other errors, compass swinging around in fluid)
N - Northerly turning error (part of magnetic dip - center of gravity on North-marked (S-seeking) side of compass has momentum)
A - Acceleration/deceleration errors (part of magnetic dip - when going E or W and acccelerating/decelerating, compass will turn N/S)

Question 5

Compass turning error acronym

Answer 5

UNOS - undershoot north, overshoot south

ONUS in southern hemisphere

Question 6

Acronym for compass acceleration/deceleration errors

Answer 6

ANDS: northern hemisphere
	Accelerate - apparent turn North
	Decelerate - apparent turnSouth
SAND: southern hemisphere
	Apparent turn South -Accelerate
Apparent turn North- Decelerate

Question 7

What is RNAV?

Answer 7

Area navigation using VOR triangulation

Question 8

What is RAIM?

Answer 8

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring. It’s a GPS self-test of integrity. It gets a 5th satellite signal, then throws out the least reliable signal.

Question 9

What is WAAS?

Answer 9

Wide area augmentation system. A WAAS station on ground transmits satellite signal to WAAS satellite with corrected signal

Question 10

What are MEFs?

Answer 10

Max elevation figures. Shown like 18 meaning the tallest obstacle in the square area (1 degree latitude x 1 degree longitude) is at 1800’ msl. Includes terrain.

Question 11

How can you find obstacle height on the chart?

Answer 11

Shown in msl with the obstacle height in AGL underneath in (parenthesis)

Question 12

An airport is blue on the chart. Is it towered?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

An airport is red on the chart. Is it towered?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Airport icon is just an empty circle. What does that mean?

Answer 14

The runways are not hard-surfaced

Question 15

Airport icon is a double circle. What does that mean?

Answer 15

Military, non hard-surfaced runways

Question 16

Airport icon is a circle with an R inside. What does that mean?

Answer 16

It’s private

Question 17

Airport icon shows the runways inside a solid red or blue circle. What does that mean?

Answer 17

Runways up to 8069’ long

Question 18

The airport icon has a white dot. What’s that?

Answer 18

Approximate VOR, VORTAC, or DME location

Question 19

On the chart, what’s a star with white dot in middle?

Answer 19

It means airport has a rotating beacon from sunset to sunrise

Question 20

Translate this airport description from the chart:

285 L 72 122.95

Answer 20

Field elevation 285
Lighting sunset to sunrise (L* lighting limitations, see supplement)
Longest runway is 7200’
Unicom 122.95

Question 21

Star in airport description on the chart. What does that mean?

Answer 21

Part-time operation

Question 22

Airport description has a C inside a filled-in circle. What does that mean?

Answer 22

Airport has a CTAF

Question 23

VOR stands for

Answer 23

Very high frequency omnidirectional range

Question 24

TACAN stands for

Answer 24

Tactical air navigation (for military) (ultra high frequency)

Question 25

What’s a VORTAC

Answer 25

Combo of VOR and Tacan

Question 26

Map symbol for VOR

Answer 26

Hexagon with dot inside

Question 27

Map symbol for VORTAC

Answer 27

Hexagon with dot inside, but three of the sides are thicc

Question 28

The compass rose around a VOR on the chart is aligned to magnetic or true north?

Answer 28

Magnetic, unlike everything else (except takeoff/landing winds from ATC) on the map, which is aligned to true north

Question 29

Why may the VOR be unusable in some places?

Answer 29

Terrain blocks them at certain altitudes. VORs work based on line of sight

Question 30

What’s the VOR’s signal called?

Answer 30

VHF (very high frequency)

Question 31

At 1000’ AGL, is VOR reception is greatest or least? What is the radius of reception?

Answer 31

Greatest. 40 nm

Question 32

If you don’t hear 3-letter morse code identifier on VOR frequency…

Answer 32

Don’t use station. It may be under maintenance.

Question 33

OBS stands for

Answer 33

Omni bearing selector (part of the VOR)

Question 34

CDI stands for

Answer 34

Course deviation indicator (on VOR)

Question 35

Your VOR is showing a red-striped “off flag”. What does that mean?

Answer 35

Signal too weak

Question 36

Each dot to the left or right of the CDI represents ___ degrees.

Answer 36

2 degrees

Question 37

VOR top arrow reads 192 degrees “from” with CDI centered. Where are you? Which direction should you go to get to the VOR?

Answer 37

You are on the line going from VOR in direction of 192 degrees (south). To get to VOR, your heading will be (192-180) or 12 degrees

Question 38

What does DME stand for? How do you use it?

Answer 38

Distance measuring equipment. It’s part of Tacan. Select vortac frequency on DME, then the DME will tell you how far that vortac is

Question 39

sm to nm

nm to sm

Answer 39

1.15 miles = 1 knot

.87 knots = 1 mile