Emergencies Flashcards
What causes a spin? What should you do?
Caused by stall + yaw.
Use the PARE checklist:
P - power off
A - Ailerons neutral (centered)
R - Rudder opposite the turn (outside the spin)
E - Elevators down (point the nose down!)
What should you do if you have an engine failure in flight?
A - airspeed to Vg
B - Best place to land (find a field within circle 30 degrees below horizon). Consider the direction of crop rows, wind, etc.
C - Checklist
D - Declare emergency (squawk 7700, 121.5 if not already talking to ATC)
E - execute landing
Your engine power is gradually decreasing. What are 2 possible causes? What should you do?
Most likely carb icing. Turn carb heat on and leave it on. The engine will run rough while the water goes through, that’s ok.
Could also be the mixture is too lean. Make it richer!
Finally, maybe air filter clogging. Switch to unfiltered air if possible.
How can you prevent a spin?
Avoid stalling. Keep your turns shallow because stall speed increases with load factor. Correct yaw with the rudder.
Where in the pattern is there a big risk of spin?
Base turn: the tailwind means your ground speed is faster than airspeed and you can stall. Don’t turn too late. If you overcorrect, you’re going slow and banking hard with lots of rudder. Now you’re in a skid. If you pull the nose up, you’ll stall and spin.
Considerations for emergency landing in confined area
may be better to force the airplane down on the ground than to delay touchdown until it stalls (settles). Can also retract landing gear or try to ground loop
Considerations for emergency landing on a road
watch out for power lines and manmade obstacles!
Problem: loss of manifold pressure in cruise
carb icing or turbocharger failure. If latter, land immediately with minimum power due to possible exhaust leak
Problem: gain in manifold pressure during cruise
throttle opened (too much throttle)
Problem: high oil temp. name 5 causes and solutions
Oil congealed in cooler (reduce power, land, preheat engine)
Inadequate engine cooling (reduce power, increase airspeed)
Detonation or preignition (enrich mixture)
Forthcoming internal engine failure (land asap)
Defective thermostatic oil cooler control (land asap)
Problem: high oil pressure
cold oil or possible internal plugging. if latter, land asap
Problem: low oil pressure
Broken pressure relief valve, insufficient oil, burned out bearings (land asap for all 3 scenarios), oil too hot
Problem: fluctuating oil pressure
Low oil supply, loose oil lines, defective pressure relief valve (land asap for all scenarios)
Problem: high cylinder head temp
Improper cowl flap adjustment (adjust)
Insufficient airspeed for cooling (increase airspeed)
Improper mixture adjustment (adjust)
Detonation or preignition (reduce power, enrich mixture, increase engine airflow)
Problem: low cylinder head temp
Excessive cowl flap opening (adjust)
Excessively rich mixture (adjust)
Extended glides without clearing engine (clear)
