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Aviation 2100 > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a:

A

Heat exchange.

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2
Q

What causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points?

A

Unequal heating of the earth’s surface.

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3
Q

The development of thermals depends upon:

A

Solar heating.

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4
Q

The wind at 5,000 feet AGL is southwesterly while the surface wind is southerly. This difference in direction is primarily due to:

A

Friction between the wind and the surface.

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5
Q

Convective circulation patterns associated with sea breezes are cause by:

A

Cool, dense air moving inland from over the water.

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6
Q

A temperature inversion would most likely result in which weather condition?

A

An increase in temperature as altitude is increased.

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7
Q

The most frequent type of ground or surface-based temperature inversion is that which is produced by:

A

Terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night.

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8
Q

What is meant by the term “dewpoint:”

A

The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

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9
Q

The ammount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the:

A

Air temperature.

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10
Q

Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when:

A

Water vapor condenses.

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11
Q

What are the processes by which moisture is added to unsaturated air?

A

Evaporation and sublimation.

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12
Q

If the temperature/dewpoint spread is small and decreasing, and the temperature is 62 degrees F, what type of weather is most likely to develop?

A

Fog or low clouds.

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13
Q

The boundary between two different air masses is referred to as:

A

Front

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14
Q

One of the most easily recognized discontinuities accross a front is:

A

A change in temperature.

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15
Q

One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying accros a front is a change in the:

A

Wind direction.

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16
Q

Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?

A

Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

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17
Q

What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?

A

Actual lapse rate.

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18
Q

What would decrease the stability of an air mass?

A

Warming from below.

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19
Q

What is a characteristic of stable air?

A

Stratiform clouds.

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20
Q

What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?

A

A stable layer of air.

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21
Q

What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?

A

Cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.

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22
Q

What are characteristics of unstable air?

A

Turbulence and good surface visibility.

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23
Q

A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?

A

Poor surface visibility.

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24
Q

Moist, stable air flowing upslope can be expected to:

A

Produce stratus type clouds.

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25
Q

If an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type clouds can be expected?

A

Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence.

26
Q

Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of:

A

Stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence.

27
Q

The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and:

A

Unstable, moist air.

28
Q

What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature at 1,000 feet MSL is 70 degrees F and the dewpoint is 48 degrees F:

A

6,000 feet MSL.

29
Q

At approximately what altitude above the surface would the pilot expect the base of cumuliform clouds if the surface air temperature is 82 degrees F and the dewpoint is 38 degrees F?

A

10,000 feet AGL.

30
Q

The suffix “nimbus,” used in naming clouds, means:

A

A rain cloud.

31
Q

Clouds are divided into four families according to their:

A

Height range.

32
Q

What clouds have the greatest turbulence?

A

Cumulonimbus.

33
Q

An almond or lens-shaped cloud which appears stationary, but which may contain winds of 50 kts or more, is referred to as:

A

A lenticular cloud.

34
Q

Crests of standing mountain waves may be marked by stationary, lens-shaped clouds known as:

A

Standing lenticular clouds.

35
Q

What types of clouds would indicate convective turbulence?

A

Towering cumulus clouds.

36
Q

Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipated when winds of 40 kts or greater blow:

A

Accross a mountain ridge, and the air is stable.

37
Q

Upon encountering severe turbulence, which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain?

A

Level flight attitude.

38
Q

What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?

A

Continuous updraft.

39
Q

Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

A

Precipitation beginning to fall.

40
Q

What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?

A

High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

41
Q

During the lifecycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts?

A

Dissipating.

42
Q

Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the:

A

Mature stage.

43
Q

Thunderstorms which generally produce the most intense hazard to aircraft are:

A

Squall line thunderstorms.

44
Q

A non-frontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is known as a:

A

Squall line.

45
Q

If there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach:

A

Wind-shear turbulence.

46
Q

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?

A

Lightning.

47
Q

Where does wind shear occur:

A

At all altitudes, in all directions.

48
Q

When may hazardous wind shear be expected?

A

In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence.

49
Q

A pilot can expect a wind-shear zone in a temperature inversion whenever the windspeed at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the surface is at least:

A

25 kts.

50
Q

The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that there:

A

Is a temperature inversion with freezing rain at a higher altitude.

51
Q

One in-flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is:

A

Visible moisture.

52
Q

In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest accumulation rate?

A

Freezing rain.

53
Q

During an IFR cross-country flight you picked up rime iceing which you estimate is 1/2” thick on the leading edge of the wings. You are now below the clouds at 2000 feet AGL and are approaching your destination airport under VFR. Visibility under the clouds is more than 10 miles, winds at the destination airport are 8 kts right down the runway, and the surface temperature is 3 degrees C. You decide to:

A

Use a faster than normal approach speed.

54
Q

What situation is most conducive to the formation of radiation fog?

A

Warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.

55
Q

In which situation is advection fog most likely to form?

A

An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter.

56
Q

What types of fog depend on wind in order to exist?

A

Advection and upslope fog.

57
Q

Low level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog?

A

Steam fog.

58
Q

Which conditions result in the formation of frost?

A

The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing.

59
Q

How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff?

A

Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

60
Q

How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance?

A

Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wind, adversely affecting its lifting capability.

61
Q

Why is frost considered hazardous to flight?

A

Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting capability.

Aviation 2100 (15 decks)

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