AVN 2100 Airplane Powerplants and Related Systems

Question 1

The 2 most common types of powerplants are:

Answer 1

Reciprocating piston engine with propeller and gas turbine engine

Question 2

The three main types of gas turbine engines are:

Answer 2

Turboprop, turbojet, turbofan

Question 3

What and where is the firewall?

Answer 3

The firewall is a barrier between the engine and cockpit located behind the engine. It protects the cockpit from fire.

Question 4

What is does the cowling do?

Answer 4

Covers the engine compartment and helps streamline the airplane and helps cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders.

Question 5

What creates thrust to move the airplane through the air?

Answer 5

The propeller

Question 6

What is the difference between Aviation Gasoline and automobile gasoline?

Answer 6

It has a higher octane rating and has lead added.

Question 7

What is the reciprocating engine mounted to?

Answer 7

The firewall

Question 8

In addition to turning the propeller, what does the engine power?

Answer 8

Alternator, vacuum pump, heat

Question 9

What is the most common cylinder layout for light aircraft?

Answer 9

Horizontally opposed

Question 10

When the crankshaft is directly connected to the prop it is called:

Answer 10

Direct drive

Question 11

Name the four strokes:

Answer 11

Intake (suck), compression (squeeze), power (bang), exhaust (blow)

Question 12

How is power output of the engine increased?

Answer 12

Increasing the amount of fuel/air mixture entering the cylinder

Question 13

What pulls the cylinder down on the intake stroke?

Answer 13

Inertia of the rotating crankshaft

Question 14

When do the spark plugs ignite the fuel/air mix?

Answer 14

As the piston reaches the top of the cylinder

Question 15

On the power stroke, what forces the piston down?

Answer 15

The burning of the fuel/air mix

Question 16

What happens just prior tot he end of the power stroke?

Answer 16

The exhaust valve opens

Question 17

Regardless of whether it is a 4 or 6 cylinder engine, each cylinder provides one power stroke per ___ revolutions of the crankshaft

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What is the purpose of the shroud and where is it located?

Answer 18

Is is located around the muffler and exchanged heat from the exhaust into heated air for cabin hear, defrost, and carb heat

Question 19

What regulated the timing of the valves?

Answer 19

The camshaft

Question 20

How is the camshaft driven?

Answer 20

It is geared to the crankshaft

Question 21

The camshaft rotates once for every ___ rotations of the crankshaft?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Normal power output during cruise flight for a C-172 is?

Answer 22

2300 RPM

Question 23

Camshaft RPM at normal cruise in a C-172 is?

Answer 23

1150 RPM

Question 24

The intake/exhaust valves open and close ____ per complete cylinder cycle.

Answer 24

One time

Question 25

The intake/exhaust valves open and close once per ____ crankshaft revolutions and ____ camshaft revolutions.

Answer 25

Two. One.

Question 26

What is the purpose of the ignition system?

Answer 26

Provides electric current to the spark plugs

Question 27

Why do most aircraft have a dual ignition system?

Answer 27

Redundancy and more even combustion to provide more power and efficiency

Question 28

A duel ignition system has __ spark plugs per cylinder and two _______.

Answer 28

Two. Magnetos

Question 29

Each ______ send current to one ______ in each _________.

Answer 29

Magneto. Spark plug. Cylinder.

Question 30

The magneto consists of:

Answer 30

a magnet that is rotated near a conductor which has a coil of wire around it

Question 31

What drives the magneto?

Answer 31

The engine.

Question 32

How is electric current generated by the magneto?

Answer 32

The rotation of the magnet induces and electric current in the coil of surrounding wire

Question 33

What times the spark coming out of the magneto?

Answer 33

The distributor

Question 34

What is the distributor geared to?

Answer 34

The crankshaft

Question 35

The distributor turns ____ for every two turns of the crankshaft

Answer 35

Once

Question 36

The magnetos are ______ of all other electrical systems

Answer 36

Independent

Question 37

When the started is engages it rotates the ____

Answer 37

Crankshaft

Question 38

The ____ is actuated by a small current from the ignition switch and allows a large current to flow from the battery to the starter.

Answer 38

Starter solenoid

Question 39

The started is powered by the _______

Answer 39

Battery

Question 40

On startup, only the ____ magneto provides spark to each cylinder

Answer 40

Left

Question 41

What are the two forms of abnormal combustion?

Answer 41

Detonation and pre-ignition

Question 42

What is detonation?

Answer 42

Temperature and pressure in the cylinder rises too high causing the fuel/air mix to explode rather than burn evenly

Question 43

What can detonation cause?

Answer 43

Damage to the pistons, valves, spark plugs, and cause loss of power and engine failure.

Question 44

An excessively high cylinder head temperature can indicate:

Answer 44

Detonation

Question 45

Four causes of detonation are:

Answer 45

Lower grade fuel, old fuel, too lean mixture, over heated engine, excessive intake air temp.

Question 46

Three ways to correct detonation:

Answer 46

Richen mixture, reduce power, increase airspeed

Question 47

What is pre-ignition?

Answer 47

Ignition of fuel/air mix ahead of time

Question 48

Four results of pre-ignition:

Answer 48

Rough running engine, sudden rise in cylinder head temp, backfiring of the engine, engine damage

Question 49

Three causes of pre-ignition:

Answer 49

Hot spots from carbon and lead deposits, using high power with too lean fuel/air mix, overheated spark plugs

Question 50

The carburetor ______

Answer 50

Mixes the fuel and air mixture prior to sending it to the cylinders

Question 51

What is the correct ratio of fuel to air by weight?

Answer 51

1 part fuel to 12 parts air

Question 52

A rich mixture means that:

Answer 52

The fuel/air mixture is larger

Question 53

The maximum rich mixture ratio of fuel to air is:

Answer 53

1:8

Question 54

The minimum lean mix fuel to air ratio is:

Answer 54

1:20

Question 55

The carburetor works on _______ principle because the throat of the carb is a _______

Answer 55

Bernoulli, venturi

Question 56

With a rich mix, there will be _____ fuel after combustion.

Answer 56

Excess

Question 57

Five results of too rich mixture:

Answer 57

Excess fuel consumption, loss of power, rough running engine, fouling of spark plugs and lead deposits

Question 58

With a lean mixture, the will be excess _____ left over after combustion.

Answer 58

Oxygen

Question 59

Too lean a mixture causes ______ and can lead to __________

Answer 59

Excessive engine temperature, abnormal combustion, loss of power, and engine failure

Question 60

A too ____ mixture is preferable to a too _____ mixture.

Answer 60

Rich, lean

Question 61

The airflow is metered by the ______ and controlled from the cockpit by the ______

Answer 61

Throttle plate, throttle

Question 62

Another name for the throttle plate is the ________

Answer 62

Butterfly valve

Question 63

Carb ice is most likely to occur between ___ and ____ degrees F in high ______, but it can occur at ____ temp.

Answer 63

20, 70, relative humidity, higher

Question 64

Temperature drops in the carburetor because of two things:

Answer 64

Pressure drop in the venturi and latent heat of fuel vaporization

Question 65

Carburetor ice will cause _____ and eventually _____

Answer 65

RPM drop, engine failure

Question 66

The carburetor heat should be used at _____ RPM setting

Answer 66

Lower

Question 67

The carburetor heat is used to _____ by directing heated air from the shroud into the carburetor instead of cold air.

Answer 67

Melt carb ice

Question 68

Should carb heat be used on the ground and why?

Answer 68

No, carb heat air is unfiltered and debris could be sucked into the engine

Question 69

Why does carb heat lower engine performance?

Answer 69

Warmer air is less dense, and the lower amount of oxygen in the fuel/air mix results in a richer mixture using the same settings

Question 70

The typical fuel system in a small high wing aircraft is ______ because it is _______

Answer 70

Gravity fed, simple

Question 71

Low wing aircraft require a _____ to lift the fuel to the carburetor

Answer 71

Fuel pump

Question 72

The C-152 has two ____ gal wing tanks with ____ usable gallons. The total fuel is ___ and the total usable fuel is ____

Answer 72

13, 12.25, 26, 24.5

Question 73

The C-152 are vented in two spots:

Answer 73

Under the left wing and the right filler cap

Question 74

Fuel tank venting prevents ____ and allows _____.

Answer 74

Vacuum, expansion

Question 75

Why should fuel tanks be stored full?

Answer 75

To prevent water build up

Question 76

_____ under each wing allow for checking the fuel for _____

Answer 76

Sumps, contamination

Question 77

The fuel strainer is located at the _______

Answer 77

Lowest point in the fuel system

Question 78

The color of 100LL is:

Answer 78

Blue

Question 79

The color of 100/130 is:

Answer 79

Green

Question 80

The color of 80/87 is:

Answer 80

Red

Question 81

The color of jet fuel is:

Answer 81

Clear

Question 82

Clear fuel can be cause by what two things:

Answer 82

Mixing fuel or using jet fuel

Question 83

A drawback to carbureted engines is the the ____ mixture is distributed to ______

Answer 83

Same, all cylinders

Question 84

With fuel injection, fuel is _____ into an ______ and then into _______

Answer 84

directly injected, induction manifold, each cylinder

Question 85

An advantage of fuel injection is that _____ because each cylinder has its own ______

Answer 85

each cylinder receives the proper fuel/air mix, fuel line

Question 86

Four advantages of fuel injection are:

Answer 86

No carb ice, improve control of fuel/air mixture to each cylinder, instant acceleration after idling, increased engine efficiency

Question 87

Three disadvantages of fuel injection:

Answer 87

Vapor lock in fuel lines creates hard hot starts, more susceptible to contamination in fuel, surplus fuel may only be routed to one tank making uneven fuel loading or fuel vented overboard possible

Question 88

The purpose of oil is to ____ and ______ and ______

Answer 88

lubricate the engine and reduce friction, sealing between piston and cylinder for better compression, carry away contaminants to the oil filter.

Question 89

The oil pressure gauge indicates the oil pressure provided by the _____ .

Answer 89

Oil pump

Question 90

What removes dirt from the oil?

Answer 90

The oil filter and screens

Question 91

What is the purpose of the oil filter bypass valve?

Answer 91

Permits oil to bypass a clogged filter because dirty oil is better than no oil

Question 92

If already cool enough, can oil in the sump bypass the oil cooler?

Answer 92

Yes

Question 93

The oil temperature gauge displays the temperature of oil ______

Answer 93

After passing through the oil cooler

Question 94

______ on each cylinder increase the surface area for better cooling.

Answer 94

Cooling fins

Question 95

How are most light aircraft engine cooled?

Answer 95

Exposing the cylinders to air flow

Question 96

______ help to evenly distribute air around the cylinders

Answer 96

Baffles

Question 97

What is the purpose of cowl flaps?

Answer 97

To increase/decrease air flow over the engine.

Question 98

Do cowl flaps increase parasite drag when extended?

Answer 98

Yes

Question 99

The C-172 has a ___ volt electrical system with a ___ volt battery and a ___ amp alternator

Answer 99

28, 24, 60

Question 100

The current from the alternator is ___

Answer 100

AC

Question 101

The ________ provides energy for electrical system and charges the battery

Answer 101

Alternator

Question 102

A ______ converts the AC current to DC

Answer 102

Rectifier

Question 103

Alternators are driven by the ______

Answer 103

Engine

Question 104

Once running, can the electrical system operate without the battery?

Answer 104

Yes

Question 105

The electrical master switch is divided into two switches: the left side controls the ______ and the right controls the ________.

Answer 105

Alternator, battery

Question 106

Normally, are both the alternator and battery used?

Answer 106

Yes

Question 107

Most circuits are protected by ______. A few are protected by ______.

Answer 107

Circuit breakers, fuses

Question 108

_____ are used to reduce wiring and act like _____

Answer 108

Bus bars, surge protectors.

Question 109

The ______ displays the charging/discharging rate of the battery

Answer 109

Ammeter

Question 110

The low voltage light illuminates when:

Answer 110

electrical energy is being supplied by the battery.

Question 111

Seven electrically powered items are:

Answer 111

Turn coordinator, fuel quantity indicator, starter, oil temp gauge, oil pressure gauge, lights, avionics.