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Aviation 2100 > AVN 2100 Airplane Powerplants and Related Systems > Flashcards

AVN 2100 Airplane Powerplants and Related Systems Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 most common types of powerplants are:

A

Reciprocating piston engine with propeller and gas turbine engine

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2
Q

The three main types of gas turbine engines are:

A

Turboprop, turbojet, turbofan

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3
Q

What and where is the firewall?

A

The firewall is a barrier between the engine and cockpit located behind the engine. It protects the cockpit from fire.

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4
Q

What is does the cowling do?

A

Covers the engine compartment and helps streamline the airplane and helps cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders.

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5
Q

What creates thrust to move the airplane through the air?

A

The propeller

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6
Q

What is the difference between Aviation Gasoline and automobile gasoline?

A

It has a higher octane rating and has lead added.

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7
Q

What is the reciprocating engine mounted to?

A

The firewall

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8
Q

In addition to turning the propeller, what does the engine power?

A

Alternator, vacuum pump, heat

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9
Q

What is the most common cylinder layout for light aircraft?

A

Horizontally opposed

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10
Q

When the crankshaft is directly connected to the prop it is called:

A

Direct drive

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11
Q

Name the four strokes:

A

Intake (suck), compression (squeeze), power (bang), exhaust (blow)

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12
Q

How is power output of the engine increased?

A

Increasing the amount of fuel/air mixture entering the cylinder

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13
Q

What pulls the cylinder down on the intake stroke?

A

Inertia of the rotating crankshaft

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14
Q

When do the spark plugs ignite the fuel/air mix?

A

As the piston reaches the top of the cylinder

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15
Q

On the power stroke, what forces the piston down?

A

The burning of the fuel/air mix

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16
Q

What happens just prior tot he end of the power stroke?

A

The exhaust valve opens

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17
Q

Regardless of whether it is a 4 or 6 cylinder engine, each cylinder provides one power stroke per ___ revolutions of the crankshaft

A

2

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the shroud and where is it located?

A

Is is located around the muffler and exchanged heat from the exhaust into heated air for cabin hear, defrost, and carb heat

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19
Q

What regulated the timing of the valves?

A

The camshaft

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20
Q

How is the camshaft driven?

A

It is geared to the crankshaft

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21
Q

The camshaft rotates once for every ___ rotations of the crankshaft?

A

2

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22
Q

Normal power output during cruise flight for a C-172 is?

A

2300 RPM

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23
Q

Camshaft RPM at normal cruise in a C-172 is?

A

1150 RPM

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24
Q

The intake/exhaust valves open and close ____ per complete cylinder cycle.

A

One time

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25
Q

The intake/exhaust valves open and close once per ____ crankshaft revolutions and ____ camshaft revolutions.

A

Two. One.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the ignition system?

A

Provides electric current to the spark plugs

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27
Q

Why do most aircraft have a dual ignition system?

A

Redundancy and more even combustion to provide more power and efficiency

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28
Q

A duel ignition system has __ spark plugs per cylinder and two _______.

A

Two. Magnetos

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29
Q

Each ______ send current to one ______ in each _________.

A

Magneto. Spark plug. Cylinder.

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30
Q

The magneto consists of:

A

a magnet that is rotated near a conductor which has a coil of wire around it

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31
Q

What drives the magneto?

A

The engine.

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32
Q

How is electric current generated by the magneto?

A

The rotation of the magnet induces and electric current in the coil of surrounding wire

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33
Q

What times the spark coming out of the magneto?

A

The distributor

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34
Q

What is the distributor geared to?

A

The crankshaft

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35
Q

The distributor turns ____ for every two turns of the crankshaft

A

Once

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36
Q

The magnetos are ______ of all other electrical systems

A

Independent

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37
Q

When the started is engages it rotates the ____

A

Crankshaft

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38
Q

The ____ is actuated by a small current from the ignition switch and allows a large current to flow from the battery to the starter.

A

Starter solenoid

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39
Q

The started is powered by the _______

A

Battery

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40
Q

On startup, only the ____ magneto provides spark to each cylinder

A

Left

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41
Q

What are the two forms of abnormal combustion?

A

Detonation and pre-ignition

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42
Q

What is detonation?

A

Temperature and pressure in the cylinder rises too high causing the fuel/air mix to explode rather than burn evenly

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43
Q

What can detonation cause?

A

Damage to the pistons, valves, spark plugs, and cause loss of power and engine failure.

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44
Q

An excessively high cylinder head temperature can indicate:

A

Detonation

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45
Q

Four causes of detonation are:

A

Lower grade fuel, old fuel, too lean mixture, over heated engine, excessive intake air temp.

46
Q

Three ways to correct detonation:

A

Richen mixture, reduce power, increase airspeed

47
Q

What is pre-ignition?

A

Ignition of fuel/air mix ahead of time

48
Q

Four results of pre-ignition:

A

Rough running engine, sudden rise in cylinder head temp, backfiring of the engine, engine damage

49
Q

Three causes of pre-ignition:

A

Hot spots from carbon and lead deposits, using high power with too lean fuel/air mix, overheated spark plugs

50
Q

The carburetor ______

A

Mixes the fuel and air mixture prior to sending it to the cylinders

51
Q

What is the correct ratio of fuel to air by weight?

A

1 part fuel to 12 parts air

52
Q

A rich mixture means that:

A

The fuel/air mixture is larger

53
Q

The maximum rich mixture ratio of fuel to air is:

A

1:8

54
Q

The minimum lean mix fuel to air ratio is:

A

1:20

55
Q

The carburetor works on _______ principle because the throat of the carb is a _______

A

Bernoulli, venturi

56
Q

With a rich mix, there will be _____ fuel after combustion.

A

Excess

57
Q

Five results of too rich mixture:

A

Excess fuel consumption, loss of power, rough running engine, fouling of spark plugs and lead deposits

58
Q

With a lean mixture, the will be excess _____ left over after combustion.

A

Oxygen

59
Q

Too lean a mixture causes ______ and can lead to __________

A

Excessive engine temperature, abnormal combustion, loss of power, and engine failure

60
Q

A too ____ mixture is preferable to a too _____ mixture.

A

Rich, lean

61
Q

The airflow is metered by the ______ and controlled from the cockpit by the ______

A

Throttle plate, throttle

62
Q

Another name for the throttle plate is the ________

A

Butterfly valve

63
Q

Carb ice is most likely to occur between ___ and ____ degrees F in high ______, but it can occur at ____ temp.

A

20, 70, relative humidity, higher

64
Q

Temperature drops in the carburetor because of two things:

A

Pressure drop in the venturi and latent heat of fuel vaporization

65
Q

Carburetor ice will cause _____ and eventually _____

A

RPM drop, engine failure

66
Q

The carburetor heat should be used at _____ RPM setting

A

Lower

67
Q

The carburetor heat is used to _____ by directing heated air from the shroud into the carburetor instead of cold air.

A

Melt carb ice

68
Q

Should carb heat be used on the ground and why?

A

No, carb heat air is unfiltered and debris could be sucked into the engine

69
Q

Why does carb heat lower engine performance?

A

Warmer air is less dense, and the lower amount of oxygen in the fuel/air mix results in a richer mixture using the same settings

70
Q

The typical fuel system in a small high wing aircraft is ______ because it is _______

A

Gravity fed, simple

71
Q

Low wing aircraft require a _____ to lift the fuel to the carburetor

A

Fuel pump

72
Q

The C-152 has two ____ gal wing tanks with ____ usable gallons. The total fuel is ___ and the total usable fuel is ____

A

13, 12.25, 26, 24.5

73
Q

The C-152 are vented in two spots:

A

Under the left wing and the right filler cap

74
Q

Fuel tank venting prevents ____ and allows _____.

A

Vacuum, expansion

75
Q

Why should fuel tanks be stored full?

A

To prevent water build up

76
Q

_____ under each wing allow for checking the fuel for _____

A

Sumps, contamination

77
Q

The fuel strainer is located at the _______

A

Lowest point in the fuel system

78
Q

The color of 100LL is:

A

Blue

79
Q

The color of 100/130 is:

A

Green

80
Q

The color of 80/87 is:

A

Red

81
Q

The color of jet fuel is:

A

Clear

82
Q

Clear fuel can be cause by what two things:

A

Mixing fuel or using jet fuel

83
Q

A drawback to carbureted engines is the the ____ mixture is distributed to ______

A

Same, all cylinders

84
Q

With fuel injection, fuel is _____ into an ______ and then into _______

A

directly injected, induction manifold, each cylinder

85
Q

An advantage of fuel injection is that _____ because each cylinder has its own ______

A

each cylinder receives the proper fuel/air mix, fuel line

86
Q

Four advantages of fuel injection are:

A

No carb ice, improve control of fuel/air mixture to each cylinder, instant acceleration after idling, increased engine efficiency

87
Q

Three disadvantages of fuel injection:

A

Vapor lock in fuel lines creates hard hot starts, more susceptible to contamination in fuel, surplus fuel may only be routed to one tank making uneven fuel loading or fuel vented overboard possible

88
Q

The purpose of oil is to ____ and ______ and ______

A

lubricate the engine and reduce friction, sealing between piston and cylinder for better compression, carry away contaminants to the oil filter.

89
Q

The oil pressure gauge indicates the oil pressure provided by the _____ .

A

Oil pump

90
Q

What removes dirt from the oil?

A

The oil filter and screens

91
Q

What is the purpose of the oil filter bypass valve?

A

Permits oil to bypass a clogged filter because dirty oil is better than no oil

92
Q

If already cool enough, can oil in the sump bypass the oil cooler?

A

Yes

93
Q

The oil temperature gauge displays the temperature of oil ______

A

After passing through the oil cooler

94
Q

______ on each cylinder increase the surface area for better cooling.

A

Cooling fins

95
Q

How are most light aircraft engine cooled?

A

Exposing the cylinders to air flow

96
Q

______ help to evenly distribute air around the cylinders

A

Baffles

97
Q

What is the purpose of cowl flaps?

A

To increase/decrease air flow over the engine.

98
Q

Do cowl flaps increase parasite drag when extended?

A

Yes

99
Q

The C-172 has a ___ volt electrical system with a ___ volt battery and a ___ amp alternator

A

28, 24, 60

100
Q

The current from the alternator is ___

A

AC

101
Q

The ________ provides energy for electrical system and charges the battery

A

Alternator

102
Q

A ______ converts the AC current to DC

A

Rectifier

103
Q

Alternators are driven by the ______

A

Engine

104
Q

Once running, can the electrical system operate without the battery?

A

Yes

105
Q

The electrical master switch is divided into two switches: the left side controls the ______ and the right controls the ________.

A

Alternator, battery

106
Q

Normally, are both the alternator and battery used?

A

Yes

107
Q

Most circuits are protected by ______. A few are protected by ______.

A

Circuit breakers, fuses

108
Q

_____ are used to reduce wiring and act like _____

A

Bus bars, surge protectors.

109
Q

The ______ displays the charging/discharging rate of the battery

A

Ammeter

110
Q

The low voltage light illuminates when:

A

electrical energy is being supplied by the battery.

111
Q

Seven electrically powered items are:

A

Turn coordinator, fuel quantity indicator, starter, oil temp gauge, oil pressure gauge, lights, avionics.

Aviation 2100 (15 decks)

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