Weaning

Question 1

Normal

Answer 1

Satisfies increasing nutrient requirements

Aids development of chewing, biting + speech

Question 2

Timing

Answer 2

Current guidelines = 6 months

Infant undergoing no of biologically driven developmental processes

Question 3

Early introduction

Answer 3

Full term infants may be able to adapt
Cereal starch - increase salivary amylase + gastric enzymes

Leads to - obesity, short term coughs, decreased nutritional sufficiency

Question 4

Late introduction

Answer 4

Growth faltering

Delayed psychomotor function, development + reflexes important to feeding and speaking

Question 5

Signs
Unicef ready…
Mistaken…

Answer 5

Ready - sit up, hold head steady, pick up food + put to mouth alone, swallow

Mistaken - chewing fists, waking at night, extra feeds

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

Supplements for Vit A,C and D for:

• breast fed infants from 6 months (or 1 if mother deficient)
• formula fed >6months taking <500ml feed
• children <5yrs

Question 7

Cows milk
DOH
WHO

Answer 7

DOH - after 1 year

WHO - gradually as drink 9-12 months

Question 8

Multi-dimensional

Answer 8

Access
Beliefs
Finance
Media
Government policy
Term/pre-term

Question 9

Stages

Answer 9

Stage 1 - 6 months (not before 4)

Stage 2 - 6-9 months

Stage 3 - 9-13 months

Question 10

Stage 1

Answer 10

Skills

• taking food from spoon
• moving food around mouth
• managing thicker purees + mashed foods

Foods

• smooth puree
• mashed foods
• fruit (not citrus)

Question 11

Stage 2

Answer 11

Skills

• moving lumps
• chewing lumps
• self feeding
• sipping from cup

Foods

• mashed with soft lumps
• soft finger food
• no added salt or sugar

Question 12

Stage 3

Answer 12

Skills

• self feeding with spoon
• chewing minced + chopped foods

Foods

• hard finger food
• minced + chopped foods

Question 13

Four food groups

Answer 13

Family food
Once infant competent eating solid food
Variety to provide range nutrients

Starchy
Meat/fish/eggs/pulses
F+V
Full fat yoghurt + cheese

Question 14

Issues

Answer 14

Spoon feeding or baby led
Cows milk
Other drinks
Commercial vs home-cooked
Societal trends

Question 15

Commercial

Answer 15

+ balanced nutrient profile
+ time saving
+ organic

• expensive
• doesn’t reflect family foods

Question 16

Home

Answer 16

+ cheaper
+ family foods
+ cook book

• risk parental dietary misconceptions

Question 17

Iron

Answer 17

Encourage rich iron foods as breastmilk now insufficient

Limit inhibitors - Tannins, Ca

Question 18

Problems

Answer 18

Choking
Rejections
Constipation
Allergies

Question 19

Pre-term

Answer 19

BLISS

Question 20

Suggestions

Answer 20

Single food at once time
After breastmilk
Add milk to foods
Different tastes (8-10 exposures)
Limit sugary exposures