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Life Cycle Nutrition > Adults > Flashcards

Adults Flashcards

1
Q

summary

A

Alteration in health may be reversible with diet + lifestyle changes

Many risk factors modifiable

Many adults fail to meet current recommendations + guidelines

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2
Q

Importance of nutrition

A

Period when chronic diseases begin to be expressed

Critical time for implementing preventative diet + lifestyle to reduce risk

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3
Q

Scottish dietary goals

TOTAL FAT

A

Reduce to <35% total energy

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4
Q

Scottish dietary goals

SAT FAT

A

Reduce to <11% total energy

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5
Q

Scottish dietary goals

OILY FISH

A

At least 1 portion per week

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6
Q

Scottish dietary goals

TOTAL CHO

A

Remain ~50%

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7
Q

Scottish dietary goals

ENERGY INTAKE

A

Decrease by 12kcal/day

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8
Q

Scottish dietary goals

ADDED SUGARS

A

Reduce to <5% total energy

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9
Q

Scottish dietary goals

DIETARY FIBRE

A

Increase

30g/d

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10
Q

Scottish dietary goals

F+V

A

Increase to 5 portions/day

400g total

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11
Q

Scottish dietary goals

ALCOHOL

A

<5% total energy

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12
Q

Scottish dietary goals

RED MEAT + SALT

A

Decrease intake
Salt = 6g/d
Red meat = 70g/d

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13
Q

The health of UK pop

Increased prevalence

A

CVD
Cancers
Type 2 diabetes

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14
Q

The health of UK pop

OTHER

A

Constipation
Osteoporosis
Dental caries

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15
Q

The health of UK pop

GEOGRAPHICAL ISSUES

A

Inequalities

CHD death: North>south

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16
Q

The health of UK pop

RISK FACTORS

A 
Smoking
Increased blood pressure
Increased blood cholesterol 
Excessive alcohol
Obesity
Physical inactivity
17
Q

Carcinogenic diet

A 
Low F+V
Low antioxidants
Low dietary fibre
Nitrosamines (charred foods)
Alcohol consumption
High picked/fermented foods
High meat intake - esp red or processed
18
Q

Metabolic syndrome

CLUSTER METABOLIC CONDITIONS

A

Abdominal obesity
High blood pressure
High TAGs
High insulin levels

19
Q

Metabolic syndrome

PREVELANCE

A

20% western population

Higher in overweight or obese

20
Q

Metabolic syndrome

AETIOLOGY

A

Potentially?
Central adiposity
Insulin resistance -> cells unable to respond insulin

21
Q

Metabolic syndrome

GENETICS + ENVIRONMENT

A

Family history

Lifestyle (decreased P.A)

22
Q

Metabolic syndrome

SCREENING + ASSESSMENT

A

Waist circumference
Fasting glucose
Blood pressure

23
Q

Metabolic syndrome

PHENOTYPIC SIGNS

A

Double chin
Cervical lipomatosis
Acanthosis nigricans

24
Q

Metabolic syndrome

MANAGEMENT

A

Exercise important tool
Manage risk symptoms
Achieve optimal lipid profile, normal b.p, increase insulin sensitivity

25
Q

Males

Issues…

A

Average = 76 years
Infertility
Prostate cancer

26
Q

Prostate cancer

A 
Most common cancer in males
Strong genetic link
Diagnosis - blood tests, diagnosis
Aetiology - dairy, Ca + fat implicated
Part of EPIC study
27
Q

Infertility

A

Oxidative stress

Obesity - endocrine dysfunction

28
Q

Women

Issues…

A 
PMS
Menopause
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Cystitis
Female athlete triad
29
Q

Breast cancer

A

Men + women
Prevented by maintaining healthy weight

Increasing phytoestrogens can reduce rates (arguments for + against)

30
Q

Women smaller

A

Lower energy requirements but same/more micronutrients requirements

31
Q

PMS

A

Physical + psychological symptoms
Hormone therapy
Diet supplements - vit B6, evening primrose oil

32
Q

Menopause
Symptoms…
Post…
Soya…

A

Average @ 51 years
Symptoms - fatigue, night sweats
Post - increased risk CVD + osteoporosis
Soya - countries with high intake = low symptoms, isoflavones act like oestrogen, unsafe family history breast cancer

33
Q

Menopause

CONSIDERATIONS

A 
Avoid overweight/obesity
Increase F+V
Increase calcium
Healthy fats > sat fats
30 mins walking 5d/wk
34
Q

Polycystic ovary syndrome

A

Symptoms - weight gain, acne, irregular periods

Insulin resistance - can develop type 2 diabetes

Diet - CHO low GI

Supplements
Physical activity

35
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder
Proanthocyanidins - in cranberries

Avoid - caffeine, alcohol, grapefruit

36
Q

Female athlete triad

A

High activity + low energy diet => hormonal + metabolic shifts
Metabolic changes -> decrease bone density -> increase risk stress fractures
3 major conditions -disordered eating, amenorrhoea, osteoporosis

Amenorrhoea - when intake 30%

Life Cycle Nutrition (20 decks)

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