Adults Flashcards
summary
Alteration in health may be reversible with diet + lifestyle changes
Many risk factors modifiable
Many adults fail to meet current recommendations + guidelines
Importance of nutrition
Period when chronic diseases begin to be expressed
Critical time for implementing preventative diet + lifestyle to reduce risk
Scottish dietary goals
TOTAL FAT
Reduce to <35% total energy
Scottish dietary goals
SAT FAT
Reduce to <11% total energy
Scottish dietary goals
OILY FISH
At least 1 portion per week
Scottish dietary goals
TOTAL CHO
Remain ~50%
Scottish dietary goals
ENERGY INTAKE
Decrease by 12kcal/day
Scottish dietary goals
ADDED SUGARS
Reduce to <5% total energy
Scottish dietary goals
DIETARY FIBRE
Increase
30g/d
Scottish dietary goals
F+V
Increase to 5 portions/day
400g total
Scottish dietary goals
ALCOHOL
<5% total energy
Scottish dietary goals
RED MEAT + SALT
Decrease intake
Salt = 6g/d
Red meat = 70g/d
The health of UK pop
Increased prevalence
CVD
Cancers
Type 2 diabetes
The health of UK pop
OTHER
Constipation
Osteoporosis
Dental caries
The health of UK pop
GEOGRAPHICAL ISSUES
Inequalities
CHD death: North>south
The health of UK pop
RISK FACTORS
Smoking Increased blood pressure Increased blood cholesterol Excessive alcohol Obesity Physical inactivity
Carcinogenic diet
Low F+V Low antioxidants Low dietary fibre Nitrosamines (charred foods) Alcohol consumption High picked/fermented foods High meat intake - esp red or processed
Metabolic syndrome
CLUSTER METABOLIC CONDITIONS
Abdominal obesity
High blood pressure
High TAGs
High insulin levels
Metabolic syndrome
PREVELANCE
20% western population
Higher in overweight or obese
Metabolic syndrome
AETIOLOGY
Potentially?
Central adiposity
Insulin resistance -> cells unable to respond insulin
Metabolic syndrome
GENETICS + ENVIRONMENT
Family history
Lifestyle (decreased P.A)
Metabolic syndrome
SCREENING + ASSESSMENT
Waist circumference
Fasting glucose
Blood pressure
Metabolic syndrome
PHENOTYPIC SIGNS
Double chin
Cervical lipomatosis
Acanthosis nigricans
Metabolic syndrome
MANAGEMENT
Exercise important tool
Manage risk symptoms
Achieve optimal lipid profile, normal b.p, increase insulin sensitivity
Males
Issues…
Average = 76 years
Infertility
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer
Most common cancer in males Strong genetic link Diagnosis - blood tests, diagnosis Aetiology - dairy, Ca + fat implicated Part of EPIC study
Infertility
Oxidative stress
Obesity - endocrine dysfunction
Women
Issues…
PMS Menopause Polycystic ovary syndrome Cystitis Female athlete triad
Breast cancer
Men + women
Prevented by maintaining healthy weight
Increasing phytoestrogens can reduce rates (arguments for + against)
Women smaller
Lower energy requirements but same/more micronutrients requirements
PMS
Physical + psychological symptoms
Hormone therapy
Diet supplements - vit B6, evening primrose oil
Menopause
Symptoms…
Post…
Soya…
Average @ 51 years
Symptoms - fatigue, night sweats
Post - increased risk CVD + osteoporosis
Soya - countries with high intake = low symptoms, isoflavones act like oestrogen, unsafe family history breast cancer
Menopause
CONSIDERATIONS
Avoid overweight/obesity Increase F+V Increase calcium Healthy fats > sat fats 30 mins walking 5d/wk
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Symptoms - weight gain, acne, irregular periods
Insulin resistance - can develop type 2 diabetes
Diet - CHO low GI
Supplements
Physical activity
Cystitis
Inflammation of bladder
Proanthocyanidins - in cranberries
Avoid - caffeine, alcohol, grapefruit
Female athlete triad
High activity + low energy diet => hormonal + metabolic shifts
Metabolic changes -> decrease bone density -> increase risk stress fractures
3 major conditions -disordered eating, amenorrhoea, osteoporosis
Amenorrhoea - when intake 30%
