Pre-school children

Question 1

Requirements

Depend on…

Answer 1

Age
Body size
Activity
Growth rate

Question 2

Requirements:

Quantity

Answer 2

Small as small stomachs

Appetite variable

Question 3

Optimal intake

Answer 3

Allow for normal growth + activity

Question 4

Monitor

Answer 4

Weight + height related to age
Weight related to height
Food intake

Question 5

Normal intake

Answer 5

F+V - 4/5 portions/day
Cereal - with all meals
Meat/alternatives - 2x/day
Dairy - 1 pint/day

Teach good dietary habits early

Question 6

Common nutritional problems

Answer 6

Overweight/obesity
Micronutrient deficiencies
Food refusal
Growth faltering
Dental problems
Constipation
Diarrhoea
Food allergies

Question 7

Vitamins

Answer 7

A,C+D supplements each day

• Healthy start, Dalivit
• drop form

Question 8

Rickets

Answer 8

Vit D deficiency
1 in 100 children UK
Can be passed on during pregnancy
Common in those limited going outside

Question 9

Iron:

Requirements

Answer 9

0-3months = 1.7 mg/d
4-6months = 4.3 mg/d
7-12months = 7.8 mg/d
1-3 years = 6.9 mg/d

Question 10

Iron

Answer 10

Intake decreased when breastmilk replaced with

• cows milk
• inadequate solid foods

Insufficient awareness of healthy eating

Question 11

Iron:

Recommend

Answer 11

Avoid inhibitors (tannins)
Iron rich foods at each meal
No cows milk <1 (as main drink)
Avoid excessive milk
Inc vit C foods (increase iron absorption)

Question 12

Food refusal

Answer 12

One new food at time
Infants not offered wide variety => fussy eaters
Neophobic
10+ offers new food before accepted
Parents can exacerbate - force feeding, reacting to - behaviours

Question 13

Bowel habits

Answer 13

1st week = 4x day
1st year = 2x day
Adult frequency attained by 4 years

Question 14

Constipation
Causes…
Treatment…

Answer 14

Causes

• fever, dehydration
• family history
• poor dietary or fluid intake
• pain from anal fissure

Treatment

• increase fibre
• plenty water
• limit milk
• toilet training

Question 15

Diarrhoea

Answer 15

6-20 months, stops at 3yrs

Causes

• excessive fruit juices
• low fat intake
• minor infections

Question 16

Guidelines

Answer 16

Setting the table 2015

Question 17

Dental problems
Causes…
Recommend…

Answer 17

Causes

• acidic foods
• prolonged bottle feeding
• frequent consumption simple sugars + sticky foods

Recommend

• oral hygiene 2x day
• fluoridated toothpaste
• avoid sugary foods between meals

Question 18

Practical aspects

Answer 18

Make meals fun
Regular meals + snacks
Brightly coloured plates + cups
No distractions
Don’t rush
Monitor calories from liquid sources
Encourage self-feeding
Avoid food ‘rewards’
Recognise satiety