Waves/sound/light Flashcards
Doppler Effect
Caused by the change in motion between the source and the observer
Doppler Effect- moving towards you
The wavelengths are shorter; frequency is higher/pitch
Doppler Effect- moving away from you
Waves are farther apart; lower frequency/pitch
Sonic Boom
Object travels through air faster than the speed of sound; creates a shock wave of large amounts of energy
Sonic Boom - Shock Wave
Waves pile up to form a shockwave; sound barrier is broken (faster than the speed of sound)
Echolocation
Uses reflected ultrasonic waves to hunt and navigate. The waves bounce off of objects and return to the source for it to determine the proximity, size, or speed of the object.
Examples of Echolocation
Bats, dolphins
SONAR
Sound Navigation and Ranging; submarines, finding fish, mapping oceans “manmade echolocation”
Pitch
Description of how high or low the sound seems to the listener
Ultrasound
Sounds with frequencies above the normal human hearing range
Infrasound
Sounds with frequencies below the normal human hearing range
What are sound levels measured in?
Decibels (dB)
7 types of electromagnetic waves
radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma rays
Radio Waves
Lowest frequency, the longest wavelength
Microwaves
Ex: cell phones, microwaves, RADAR for speed/location, satellites in space
Infrared
Releases heat
Ex: thermogram, night vision
Visible Light
ROY G BIV
Red = longest wavelength
Violet = shortest wavelength
Ultraviolet (UV)
Too much can cause skin cancer, wrinkles, and eye damage
Ex: kill bacteria, sterilize MD tools, produce vitamin D, cure jaundice
Insects use this to find flowers
X-rays
Too much can kill living cells; use lead to block the waves
Ex: looking at bones, airport security, engineering design
Gamma Rays
Shortest wavelength/ highest frequency
Ex: Destroy cancer cells and healthy cells
How are different types of radiation arranged along the EM spectrum
By the amount energy they carry
What is the difference between a wave and a particle
A particle is a discrete unit of energy; a wave is a continuous flow of energy
Astronomers often scan the sky using devices called radio telescopes. What can you conclude about these devices
They pick up the radio waves emitted by stars
What do all forms of EM radiation have in common
Their speed
What produces electromagnetic radiation?
Electrons changing energy levels
Helps you change the channels on your TV
Infrared
Found in space and nuclear explosions
Gamma rays
Used to see your bones
X-rays
Used to pop popcorn
Microwaves
When they move from one energy level to the next, they emit electromagnetic radiation
Electrons
Sometimes it behaves like a wave, sometimes like particles
Radiation
Used to transmit radio and television signals as well as cell phone signals
Radio waves
Contains the colors of the rainbow
Visible light
Occurs naturally in sunlight; most of it is blocked by the ozone layer
Ultraviolet
Relationship between wavelength and energy
If the wave gets bigger, there is less energy. As the wavelength gets smaller, more energy is involved
Waves that are about the size of atoms
X- rays
Waves that have the most light energy
Gamma rays
Waves that, in large doses, can cause skin cancer and cataracts
Ultraviolet light
Waves that are usually experienced as heat
Infrared waves
Waves that are about the size of a virus
Ultraviolet light
Waves that are a little shorter than bacteria
Visible light
Waves that are very long and do not have much light energy
Radio waves
Waves that are used by cellular phones
Microwaves
Waves used in radar
Microwaves
Waves that are given off by the human body
Infrared waves
Waves that are as long as or longer than a football field
Radio wvaes
Waves that carry television signals
Radio waves
Waves that are given off by a light bulb
Visible light
Wave that are used in television remote controls
Infrared waves
Waves that are produced in nuclear explosions
Gamma rays
Waves that are used to heat food
Microwaves
Waves that include the r waves that our eyes see as different colors
Visible light
Waves that are used to make pictures of bones
X- rays
Waves whose source includes black holes, neutron stars, and pulsars
Gamma rays
Waves that are mostly blocked from Earth by the ozone layer
Ultraviolet
