Mitosis - Biology Flashcards
Quiz Practice
Interphase steps (name them)
G1, S, G2
Interphase G1
Growth (copy organelles)
Interphase S
Copy DNA
Interphase G2
Growth
What happens during the longest step of the cell cycle?
Interphase:
*Cell size doubles
*Ribosomes synthesize proteins
**DNA duplicated inside nucleus
Where sister chromatids are formed
Steps to Mitosis (name)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(Cytokinesis)
Prophase (longest step of mitosis)
Condense chromosomes in nucleus
nuclear membrane dissolves
Centrioles spit out spindle fibers that anchor chromosomes
Metaphase
Spindle fibers push chromosomes to the middle
Purpose of Metaphase
make sure chromosomes are organized and split equally in the next step.
Anophase
Spindle fibers pull apart chromosomes into chromatids- must be split perfectly (CHECKPOINT - where mistake can occur)
Telophase
Nucleus appears around sets of chromatids
Cytokinesis
Only in animal cells
Cytoplasm splits and two separate cells are formed
Binary Fission - prokaryotes
In prokaryotes
DNA duplicated in the cytoplasm so that parent cells split into two
Budding - eukaryotes
grows from parents from bud
vegetative propagation
Root, stem, or leaf of a plant grows into an identical plant
What is cancer?
Cells without regulation on proliferation
How do cancerous cells form
When there is a mistake during the mitosis process (usually during checkpoings like interphase and anaphase) and the cell becomes mutated so that they do not die and keep proliferating
Chromatin
long, loose, thin stands of DNA
Chromotid
One copy of a chromosome
Chromosome
Single double-stranded DNA molecule
Centromere
The where chromosomes/chromatids meet in the middle
Sister chromatids
Identical copies (chromatids) of a chromosome
