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Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?

A

Cell wall, large central vacuole, plastids (chloropast)

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2
Q

2 types of cells

A

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Dont have membrane-bound organelles

A

Prokaryotes

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4
Q

Has membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions

A

Eukaryotes

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5
Q

Two prokaryotic domains

A

Bacteria & archaea

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6
Q

Colonial Organism

A

Connected groups of identical cells

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7
Q

Multicellular structure (pyramid)

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, multicellular organism

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8
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

Controls entering/exiting molecules

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9
Q

Membrane Lipids

A

Made of phospholipid bilayer
Eukaryotes have sterols witin for structure and insulation

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10
Q

Membrane Proteins
(Integral proteins)

A

regulate molecule transportation, surfacce markers, receptors, use carbs as labels

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11
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

Membrane bilayer costantly moves fluidly as a mosaic of lipids and proteis

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12
Q

Nucleus controls…

A

functions of eukaryotic cells

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13
Q

Contents of nucleus are held in

A

nucleoplasm

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14
Q

Nucleus holds DNA as chromatin, which before cell division …

A

condenses into chomosomes

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15
Q

Nucleus is where DNA converts into…

A

RNA

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16
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Two phospholipid bilayers with nuclear pores

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17
Q

Nucleolus

A

Where DNA forms ribosomal RNA

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18
Q

Mitochondria
(two phospholipid membranes)

A

Transfers energy to ATP
Outer membrane is barrier
Inner membrane has cristae for harvesting energy

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19
Q

Why can mitochondria produce by cell division?

A

They have mitochondrial DNA

20
Q

Ribosomes
(made of RNA and protein)

A

Build proteins
(float or attached to ER)

21
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Tubes and sacs (cisternae) that transport molecules around the cell

22
Q

Rough ER

A

Covered in ribosomes
Proteins are transferred in or out of cell membrane

23
Q

Smooth ER

A

Builds lipids (cholesteral)

24
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Membranous sacs recieve vesicles (transportation for proteins/lipids) and lables them with carbs

25
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestivve enzymes digest old organelles by autophagy or dysfunctioning cells by autolysis

26
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Neutralize damaging oxyfen ions (radicals), detoxify drugs, produces hydrogen peroxide during the process

27
Q

Glyoxysomes break down fats in plant seeds for energy

A

Another vesicle

28
Q

Endosomes

A

formed from pockets in membraes

29
Q

Food vacuoles

A

Store nutrients

30
Q

Contractile vacuoles

A

rid excess water

31
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes on rough ER, transported in vesicles to Golgi Apparatus, modified and repacked, released from vesicles,
(remaining vesicles are lysosomes or peroxisomes)

32
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Tubes and filaments as roadways and structure

33
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow tubes of tubulin keep organelles in place, keep shape, guide molecules

34
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Rods hold organelles in place

35
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Hair-like stuctures on cells for movement (made of 9 microtubules and 2 central tubules

36
Q

Centrioles

A

Two short cylinders of microtubules that organize microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division in animal cells

37
Q

Plant cells have additional…

A

Cell walls, large central vacuoles, and plastidsC

38
Q

Cell wall

A

Cellulose inside proteins and carbs that form boxes around cell (has pores)

39
Q

Primary and secondary wall

A

Primary wall built by enzymes, secondary wall grows between mebrane and primary wall; can’t expand

40
Q

Central Vacuole

A

stores water, enzymes, wastes
Provides a lot of structure; wilts without water

41
Q

Other vacuoles (plant cell)

A

Store toxic materials or pigments

42
Q

Plastids

A

Surrounded by double membrane and has own DNA

43
Q

Chloroplasts
(cell division)

A

Make carbs from light energy with H2O and CO2 using chlorophyll inside thylakoids (membranous sacs)

44
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Prokaryotic cells incorporated in eukaryotic cells a long time ago

45
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Contain pigments; sometimes helps with photosynthesis

Science (9 decks)

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