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Science > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

4 Macromolecules of life

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic, acids, and lipids 

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2
Q

Elements of life

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus

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3
Q

Monomer

A

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

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4
Q

Polymer

A

A large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

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5
Q

Dipeptide

A

Two amino acids bonded together

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6
Q

Polypeptide

A

A long chain of amino acids that make proteins

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7
Q

Enzyme

A

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

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8
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant being catalyzed; needs to be specific in order for it to fit with an enzyme

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9
Q

Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis

A

Water is gotten rid of as a byproduct of two monomers making space to link together

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10
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water is added to a polymer to break it down into monomers

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11
Q

Elements of carbohydrates

A

CHO

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12
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Short term, energy storage; immediate energy; bodies primary source of energy

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13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Glucose fructose galactose

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14
Q

Disaccharides

A

Sucrose lactose Maltos
Joined by glycosidic linkage

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15
Q

Polysaccharides are

A

A long chain of monosaccharides

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16
Q

Starch

A

 Form of glucose storage in plants

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17
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucose storage in animals

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18
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural polysaccharides in cell walls

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19
Q

Chitin

A

Exoskeleton of arthropods

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20
Q

Elements of lipids

A

CHO

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21
Q

Examples of lipids

A

Triglycerides, fatty acids phospholipids, steroids, waxes, and pigments

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22
Q

Fatty acids

A

Monomer of lipids; made from a carbon chain (only CH)

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23
Q

Saturated hydrocarbon chain

A

Straight line; more hydrogen; no double bonds; packed tighter together; high melting point

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24
Q

Unsaturated carbon chain

A

Bends in the line; less hydrogen; double bonds; liquid at room temperature; low melting point

25
Q

Phospholipids: tails

A

Two; hydrophobic; made of fatty acids

26
Q

Phospholipids: head

A

One; phosphate; hydrophilic

27
Q

Cell membrane

A

Made of a phospholipid bilayer

28
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Arrange tail to tail because the head wants to be facing H2O

29
Q

Proteins are

A

Chains of amino acids

30
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Structural support, catalyst, transport, defense, movement, regulation

31
Q

Elements of proteins

A

CHON

32
Q

Structure of proteins

A

Primary secondary tertiary quaternary

33
Q

Nucleic acid elements

A

CHONP 

34
Q

Nucleic acid functions

A

Store and transmit genetic information

35
Q

Types of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

36
Q

Monomer of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

37
Q

Why can lipids store more energy than carbs?

A

They have a large number of hydrogen carbon bonds

38
Q

GGF (energy source)

A

Glucose galactose fructose

39
Q

LSM transport

A

Lactose sucrose maltose

40
Q

CGS store

A

Cellulose, glycogen, starch

41
Q

Salmon, avocados, nuts

A

Lipids

42
Q

Sugar, wheat, vegetables

A

Carbs

43
Q

DNA and RNA

A

Nucleic acids

44
Q

Enzymes insulin hemoglobin

A

Proteins

45
Q

Denatured protein

A

A change in shape caused by higher temperatures or changed pH

46
Q

Chaperoning

A

Protein molecule that helps properly fold other proteins

47
Q

X-ray crystallography

A

Determines 3D structure of a protein

48
Q

Role of DNA

A

Store information for protein synthesis

49
Q

RNA functions

A

Direct RNA synthesis & protein synthesis

50
Q

Each polynucleotide has

A

Nucleotides, sugar + phosphate + nitrogen base

51
Q

Cellular DNA molecules have two…

A

Polynucleotides that spiral on an axis to form a double helix

52
Q

Double helix consists of

A

Two intersecting nucleotide strands

53
Q

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

A

AT & CG

54
Q

CHO and sometimes P

A

Lipids

55
Q

CHO; 1:2:1; forms rings

A

Monosaccharide

56
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

Hydrolysis provides energy needed to drive chemical reactions; ATP stores energy within compound

57
Q

DNA and RNA both…

A

Store genetic information; are made from nucleotides

58
Q

Steroid structure

A

Fused carbon rings with various attached functional groups

59
Q

Formula for a monosaccharide

A

(CH2O)n

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