Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Physics and Math > Waves and Sound > Flashcards

Waves and Sound Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

have oscillations of wave particles perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (movement) (e.g. electromagnetic waves)

A

transverse waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

have oscillations of wave particles parallel to the direction of wave propagation (e.g. sound waves)

A

longitudinal waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

refers to how far a point is from the equilibrium position in a wave, expressed as a vector quantity

A

displacement (x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

magnitude of maximal displacement of wave

A

amplitude (A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

maximum point of wave, point of most positive displacement

A

crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

minimum point of wave, point of most negative displacement

A

trough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

distance between two crests or troughs of wave

A

wavelength (λ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

number of cycles a wave makes per second; expressed in Hertz (Hz)

A

frequency (ƒ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

frequency (ƒ)

A

v = ƒλ

where:
v = propagation speed
λ = wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

number of seconds a wave takes to complete a cycle; inverse of frequency

A

period (T)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

period (T)

A

T = 1/ƒ

where:
ƒ = frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

another way of expressing frequency; expressed in radians/second (rad/sec)

A

angular frequency (ω)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

angular frequency (ω)

A

ω = 2πƒ = 2π/T

where:
ƒ = frequency
T = period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describes the ways in which waves interact in space to form a resultant wave

A

interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type of interference:

occurs when waves are exactly in phase with each other; amplitude of resultant wave equals sum of two interfering waves

A

constructive interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type of interference:
occurs when waves are exactly out of phase with each other; amplitude of resultant wave equals difference of two interfering waves

A

destructive interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type of interference:
occurs when two waves are not quite perfectly in or out of phase with each other; the displacement of the resultant wave equals the sum of the displacement of the two interfering waves

A

partially constructive or destructive interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

have continually shifting points of maximum and minimum displacement

A

traveling waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

are produced by the constructive and destructive interference of two waves of the same frequency traveling in opposite directions in the same space

A

standing waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

points of maximum oscillation

A

antinodes

21
Q

points where there is no oscillation

A

nodes

22
Q

the increase in amplitude that occurs when a periodic force is applied at the natural (resonant) frequency of an object

A

resonance

23
Q

a decrease in amplitude caused by an applied or nonconservative force

A

damping (attenuation)

24
Q

is produced by mechanical disturbance of a material that creates an oscillation of the molecules in the material; propagates through all forms of matter (but not a vacuum); propagates fastest through solids, then liquids, and slowest through gases; as density of medium increases the speed of sound decreases

A

sound

25
Q

speed of sound through a medium (v)

A

v = √(B/ρ)

where:
B = Bulk modulus
ρ = density

26
Q

a measure of the medium’s resistance to compression; increases from gas to liquid to solid

A

Bulk modulus (B)

27
Q

our perception of the frequency of sound

A

pitch

28
Q

a shift in the perceived frequency of a sound compared to the actual frequency of the emitted sound when the source of the sound and its detector are moving relative to one another

A

Doppler effect

29
Q

Doppler effect

A

ƒ’ = ƒ ((v ± v(D)) / (v ∓ v(S))

where:
ƒ' = perceived frequency
ƒ = actual frequency
v = speed of sound in medium
v(D) = speed of detector
v(S) = speed of source

signs:
top sign- used when source and detector moving toward one another
bottom sign- used when source and detector moving away from one another

30
Q

will be higher than emitted frequency when the source and detector are moving toward each other; will be lower than emitted frequency when the source and detector are moving away from each other

A

apparent frequency

31
Q

can occur when source is moving at or above the speed of sound

A

shock wave (sonic boom)

32
Q

the way in which we perceive the intensity of a sound

A

loudness or volume of sound

33
Q

average rate of energy transfer per area across a surface that is perpendicular to the wave; power transported per unit area; units = W/m^2 (W is watts); decreases over distance and some energy is lost to damping (attenuation) from frictional forces

A

intensity

34
Q

intensity (I)

A

I = P/A

where:
P = power
A = area

35
Q

support standing waves, and the length is equal to some multiple of half-wavelengths

A

strings and open pipes

36
Q

a positive, nonzero integer that corresponds to the number of half-wavelengths supported

A

harmonic of string or open pipe (n)

37
Q

equation that relates wavelength of standing wave and length of string or open pipe:

A

λ = 2L/n

where:
λ = wavelength
L = length
n = harmonic (1,2,3,…)

38
Q

equation of possible frequencies of string or open pipe:

A

ƒ = nv/2L

where:
ƒ = frequency
n = harmonic (1,2,3,...)
v = wave speed
L = length
39
Q

number of antinodes will tell you which harmonic it is

A

string

40
Q

number of nodes will tell you which harmonic it is

A

open pipe

41
Q

the lowest frequency (longest wavelength) of a standing wave that can be supported in a given length of string or pipe; given by n=1

A

fundamental frequency (first harmonic)

42
Q

second harmonic = ____
third harmonic = ____
…

A

first overtone

second overtone

43
Q

all the possible frequencies that a string or pipe can support

A

harmonic series

44
Q

support standing waves, length is equal to some odd multiple of quarter-wavelengths

A

closed pipe

45
Q

a positive, nonzero, odd integer that corresponds to the number of quarter-wavelengths supported

A

harmonic of closed pipe (n)

46
Q

equation that relates wavelength of standing wave and length of closed pipe:

A

λ = 4L/n

where:
λ = wavelength
L = length
n = harmonic (1,3,5,…)

47
Q

equation of possible frequencies of closed pipe:

A

ƒ = nv/4L

where:
ƒ = frequency
n = harmonic (1,3,5,...)
v = wave speed
L = length
48
Q

medical application of sound, used for both imaging (diagnostic) and treatment (therapeutic) purposes

A

ultrasound

MCAT Physics and Math (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions