Circuits Flashcards

1
Q

the movement of charge that occurs between two points that have different electrical potentials

A

current

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2
Q

magnitude of current (I)

A

I = Q / ∆t

where:
Q = charge passing through conductor

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3
Q

the reciprocal of resistance

A

conductance

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4
Q

allow current to flow through them

A

conductive materials

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5
Q

type of conduction:

relies on uniform movement of free electrons in metallic bonds

A

metallic conduction

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6
Q

type of conduction:

relies on the ion concentration of a solution

A

electrolytic conduction

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7
Q

materials that do not conduct a current

A

insulators

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8
Q

charge flows in one direction only

A

direct current (DC)

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9
Q

charge flow changes direction periodically

A

alternating current (AC)

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10
Q

two rules that deal with the conservation of charge and energy within a circuit

A

Kirchoff’s laws

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11
Q

states that the sum of currents directed into a point within a circuit equals the sum of currents directed away from that point

A

junction rule

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12
Q

junction rule

A

I (into junction) = I (out of junction)

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13
Q

states that in a closed loop, the sum of voltage sources is always equal to the sum of voltage drops

A

loop rule

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14
Q

loop rule

A

V (source) = V (drop)

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15
Q

the opposition to the movement of electrons through a material

A

resistance

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16
Q

conductive materials with a moderate amount of resistance that slows down electrons without stopping them

17
Q

depends on resistivity (ρ), length (L), and cross-sectional area (A) of the material of the resistor

A

resistance of a resistor (R)

18
Q

resistance of a resistor (R)

A

R = ρL / A

where:
ρ = resistivity
L = length
A = cross-sectional area

19
Q

states that for a given resistance, the magnitude of the current through a resistor is proportional to the voltage drop across the resistor

A

Ohm’s law

20
Q

Ohm’s law

A

V = IR

where:
V = voltage drop
I = current
R = resistance

21
Q

power (P)

A

P = W / t = ∆E / t

P = IV = I^2 R = V^2 / R

22
Q

are additive and sum together to create the total resistance of a circuit

A

resistors in series

23
Q

total voltage/resistance of resistors in series

A

V(s) = V(1) + V(2) + V(3) + … + V(n)

R(s) = R(1) + R(2) + R(3) + … + R(n)

24
Q

cause a decrease in equivalent resistance of a circuit

A

resistors in parallel

25
total voltage/resistance of resistors in parallel
V(p) = V(1) = V(2) = V(3) = ... = V(n) 1/R(p) = 1/R(1) = 1/R(2) = 1/R(3) = ... = 1/R(n)
26
have the ability to store and discharge electrical potential energy
capacitors
27
is determined in parallel plate capacitors by the area of the plates and the distance between the plates
capacitance
28
capacitance (C)
C = Q / V where: Q = charge stores on one plate V = potential difference (voltage) across capacitor ``` C = ε(o) A / d where: ε(o) = permittivity of free space (8.85 x 10^-12 F/m) A = area of overlap between plates d = distance between plates ```
29
potential energy stored in a capacitor
U = 1/2 CV^2 where: C = capacitance V = potential difference (voltage)
30
cause a decrease in the equivalent capacitance of a circuit
capacitors in series
31
capacitors in series
1/C(s) = 1/C(1) + 1/C(2) + 1/C(3) + ... + 1/C(n)
32
sum together to create a larger equivalent capacitance
capacitors in parallel
33
capacitors in parallel
C(p) = C(1) + C(2) + C(3) + ... + C(n)
34
insulators placed between the plates of a capacitor that increase capacitance by a factor equal to the material's ____ constant (𝜅)
dielectric materials
35
capacitance with dielectric material
C' = 𝜅C where: C' = new capacitance with dielectric 𝜅 = dielectric constant C = original capacitance
36
are inserted in series in a circuit to measure current; they have negligible resistance
ammeters
37
are inserted in parallel in a circuit to measure a voltage drop; they have very large resistances
voltmeters
38
are inserted around a resistive element to measure resistance; they are self-powered and have negligible resistance
Ohmmeters