Waves Flashcards
Waves move ____.
Energy
-a physical environment in which phenomena occur
Medium
Give three examples of a medium
Water, air, Earth
-a wave that requires a medium through which to travel
Mechanical Waves
Give two examples of mechanical waves
Sound waves
Earthquake waves
Do electromagnetic waves require a medium?
nope
-a wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields
Electromagnetic Waves
Give three examples of electromagnetic waves
Light, X-Rays, radio waves
What is the ability to exert force over a long distance or the ability to do work?
Energy
The bigger the wave the ____ it carries.
More energy
As waves spread out, successive _____ move farther from the center.
Wave fronts
Most waves are caused by _____.
Vibrating objects
What may be caused by vibrating charged particles?
Electromagnetic waves
What kind of waves can be caused by the vocal chords vibrating?
Sound waves
What vibrates in mechanical waves as the wave passes through?
The particles of the mediu
What transfers only energy not matter?
The wave front
-a vibration that fades out as energy is transferred from one object to another
Damped harmonic motion
Give an example of damped harmonic motion.
Shock absorbers
What kind of waves have perpendicular motion?
Transverse waves
The motion of the particles in the medium are ____ to the motion of the wave. (Like a mass on a spring.)
Perpendicular
Give an example of transverse waves.
Light waves
-cause particles in the medium to vibrate parallel to the motion of the wave
Longitudinal waves
Give an example of a longitudinal wave
Sound waves
-a disturbance that carries energy matter or space
Wave
-the highest point of a transverse wave
Crest
-the lowest point of a transverse wave
Trough
-crowded area of a longitudinal wave
Compression
-the stretched-out areas of a longitudinal wave
Rarefraction
Look for drawn waves in notes-
Bc I can’t draw by typing
-occur at the boundary between two mediums
Surface Waves
Give an example of surface waves
Water waves
How do particles move in surface waves?
In circles
-the maximum distance that the particles of a wave’s medium vibrate from their rest position
Amplitude
-the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave
Wavelength
____ and ____ are measures of distance.
Amplitude and wavelengths
___ and ___ tell you about energy.
Amplitude and wavelength
-the time it takes a complete cycle or wave oscillation to occur (T)
Period
-the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time (f)
Frequency
-number of vibrations per second (Hz)
Hertz
Study your math.
Don’t you dare ignore this like you usually do Anna! You will fail high school and end up working at McDonald’s. Do you want that? No. So study!
Frequency
1/period =1/T
Wave speed =
Frequency x wavelength
Or
Speed = wavelength / period
V=
Lambda/T
Math skills on page 519
!!!!!!
Lambda stands for
Wavelength
What does the speed of a wave depend upon?
It’s medium
Sound travels _ to _ times faster in water than in air.
3-4
Sound travels - times faster in solids than in air.
15-20
-explains differences in wave speed
Kinetic theory
What determines how well waves travel through a medium?
The arrangement of the particles
What is the speed of light in an empty space?
3 x 10^8 m/s, (c)
When does light travel slower?
When it passes through a medium such as water or air
What comes in a wide range of frequencies and wavelengths?
Light
Visible light ranges between
- 3 x 10^14 Hz
7. 5 x 10^14 Hz
-the full range of light at different frequencies and wavelengths
Electromagnetic Spectrum
See figure 7 on page 521
look at the pretty light
bask in the glory of Roy G. Biv
What creates a change in observed frequency?
Motion between the source of waves and the observer
-determined by the frequency at which the sound waves strike the eardrum
Pitch
A car moving toward you blowing its horn
High pitch
As the car moves away, the horn has a
Lower pitch
The Doppler Effect occurs in _____ and ______ as well.
Light and other types of waves
-the bounding back of a wave when it hits a surface or boundary that it does not go through
Reflection
Give an example of reflection.
Light is reflected by a shiny mirror
-a change in the direction of a wave when the wave finds an obstacle or an edge, such as an opening
Diffraction
Give an example of diffraction.
Sound waves bend around a corner to enable you to hear sounds from another location.
-the bending of a wavefront as the wavefront passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs
Refraction
-the combination of two or more waves of the same frequency that results in a single wave
Interference
-any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is bigger than the original waves
Constructive interference
-any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller than the largest of the original wave
Destructive interference
-a wave or vibration that causes the particles in the medium to vibrate in a stationary pattern
Standing Wave
Give an example of a standing wave.
A wave reflected back on itself.
Although it appears the wave is standing still, in reality waves are ____.
Traveling in both directions
Standing waves have_____ and _____.
Nodes and antinodes
-points of vibration
Nodes
-points of max vibration.
Antinodes
