Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Science > Solutions Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Solutions Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

A

Mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

does not have a fixed composition

A

Heterogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas

A

Suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Particles in a ____ are large and eventually settle out.

A

Suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Particles in a suspension may be _____.

A

Filtered out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size and stay in suspension. They can be in a liquid, solid, or gas

A

Colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is intermediate size?

A

Medium size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Some Immiscible liquids can form ____.

A

Colloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A colloid in which liquids that normally do not mix are spread throughout each other

A

Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of emulsion.

A

mayonnaise

The egg yolk coats the oil and keeps it from forming a separate layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uniform mixtures. Components disperse evenly throughout.

A

Homogeneous Mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.

A

Salt water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout

A

Solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent

A

Solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

A

Solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two or more liquids that form a single layer when mixed are said to be ____.

A

Misicble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is one way to separate miscible liquids?

A

Distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What must the two liquids in the miscible liquid have in order for distillation to work?

A

Different boiling points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Liquid solutions sometimes do not contain ____.

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give an example of a liquid solution that does not contain water.

A

Crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Can all states of matter form solutions?

A

YAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give an example of a gas solution.

A

The air you are hopefully breathing right now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Solids can ___ in other solids.

A

Dissolve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a homogeneous mixture that is usually composed of two or more metals

A

Alloy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give an example of an alloy.

A

Brass, which is zinc metal dissolved in copper metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the universal solvent?

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What can dissolve in water?

A

Many different substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’re can dissolve _____ because of its structure.

A

Ionic Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why does water have a bent shape?

A

It is a polar compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What shape does water have?

A

A bent shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Does pure water conduct electricity?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Some water solutions ___.

A

Conduct electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the solutes in solutions that conduct an electric current?

A

Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

attractive force between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule

A

Hydrogen Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What bond pulls oxygen atoms from alcohols (-OH) and sugars, allowing those substances to dissolve in water?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the rule of thumb in chemistry?

A

Like dissolves like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Solvents will dissolve substances that are ____.

A

Like the solvent in molecular structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Polar dissolves ___.

A

Polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Nonpolar dissolves ____.

A

Nonpolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

a compound whose electrons are equally distributed among its atoms

A

Nonpolar Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

___ will usually not dissolve in water.

A

Nonpolar compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Give an example of a Nonpolar compound.

A

Olive oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What must be used to dissolve Nonpolar compounds?

A

Nonpolar solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Name three ways to speed up the dissolving process.

A
  • make a larger surface area
  • stir or shake the solution
  • heat the solution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why would you make a larger surface area to speed up the dissolving process?

A

More places to contact

45
Q

Why would you stir or shake the solution in order to speed up the dissolving process?

A

Particles come in contact w/ one another more often

46
Q

Why would you heat the solution in order to speed up the dissolving process?

A

Particles move faster and collide more often

47
Q

____ can affect the physical properties of a solution.

A

Solutes

48
Q

What is normal for a solute to do?

A

Raise the boiling point and lower the freezing point of the solution

49
Q

-any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water.

A

Acids

50
Q

-Hydrogen ions H+, attach to water molecules to form ____, H(3)O+

A

Hydronium ions

51
Q

Name foods that have citric acid.

A

Lemons and limes

52
Q

Name foods with acetic acid.

A

Dill pickles, vinegar

53
Q

Name foods with malic acid.

A

Apples

54
Q

Name foods with tartaric acid.

A

Grapes

55
Q
  • a compound that can reversible change color depending on conditions such as pH.
A

Indicators

56
Q

How do indicators indicate?

A

They respond to the concentration of hydronium ions.

57
Q

Acids turn ___ litmus paper ___.

A

Blue

Red

58
Q

Bases turn ___ litmus paper ____.

A

Red

Blue

59
Q

Acids ___ when dissolved in water.

A

Ionize

60
Q

Acids form ___ and other ions depending on what elements he acids are made of.

A

Hydronium ions

61
Q

Give an example of acids ionizing.

A

Nitric acid and water form hydronium ions and nitrate ions.

62
Q

Some of the ions formed when dissolved in water, ___ to for ____.

A

Recombine to form acid molecules

63
Q

Why will a solution with weak acids not conduct electricity?

A

Because there are fewer charged ions

64
Q

-a substance that dissolved in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current

A

Electrolyte

65
Q

Study the common acids list on edline!!!!!

A
66
Q

Acids are used in many ____ and ___.

A

Manufacturing processes and organisms

67
Q

What is weak stomach acid?

A

A dilute hydrochloric acid

68
Q

______ can damage the skin.

A

Concentrated acetic acid

69
Q

Vapors are harmful to the ___, ____, and ____.

A

Eyes
Mouth
Lungs

70
Q

-any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

A

Bases

71
Q

Hydroxide ions -

A

OH-

72
Q

Bases feel ___ to the touch,___.

A

Slippery

Soapy

73
Q

Bases have a ____.

A

Bitter taste

74
Q

Solutions of bases ____.

A

Conduct electric current

75
Q

Can bases damage skin?

A

YASSSS

76
Q

Strong bases contain a ___ ion and a ___ ion.

A

Metal ion

Hydroxide ion

77
Q

Give an example of a strong base that contains a metal ion and a hydroxide ion.

A

NaOH

78
Q

What happens when a strong base is put in water?

A

The metal ions and the hydroxide ions dissociate or seperate

79
Q

Most strong bases are also ___.

A

Electrolytes

80
Q

Some bases do not contain ____ with the compound.

A

Hydroxide

81
Q

What happens when bases that do not contain hydroxide are placed in water?

A

The base dissolves and forms a hydroxide ion

82
Q

NH(3) + H(2)O ->

A

NH(4) + OH-

83
Q

Look at the common bases chart on edline!!!!

A
84
Q

-value used to express the acidity or basic its of a system

A

pH

85
Q

Each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in ____.

A

acidity

86
Q

What is a measure of the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions?

A

pH

87
Q

Check ph scale on edline!

A

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

88
Q

What do you need to calculate the pH of a solution?

A

The concentration of a solution

89
Q

Look at math!!!!!!

A
90
Q

What must you know to calculate the molarity of a solution?

A

The pH

91
Q

What is the pH of nitric acid?

A

pH of 3

92
Q

-reaction between an acid and a base; results in the formation of a salt and water

A

Neutralization reaction

93
Q

What kind of reaction is a Neutralization Reaction?

A

An ionic reaction

94
Q

Give an example of a Neutralization Reaction.

HCl +H(2)O->

A

Cl- + H(3)O+

95
Q

What happens to a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid?

A

It ionizes completely

96
Q

What happens to a strong base?

A

It dissociates completely

97
Q

Ionizing completely means

A

They completely break apart

98
Q

Na+ and Cl- are called _____.

A

Spectator ions

99
Q

Why are spectator ions called that?

A

They don’t participate in the neutralization reaction.

100
Q

Hydroxide is always____.

A

Base

101
Q

Hydronium is always _____.

A

Acid

102
Q

What is a salt?

A

An ionic compound that forms when a metal atom replaces the hydrogen of an acid

103
Q

Hydronium and hydroxide ions form ___.

A

Water

104
Q

Show the chemical equation for hydronium and hydroxide ions forming water.

A

H(3)O+ + OH- -> 2H(2)O

105
Q

The metal ion and nonmetal ion forms a ___.

A

Salt

106
Q

Do all neutralization reactions for a neutral solution?Explain.

A

No, because one may have a greater amount of one solution than the other.

107
Q

What does the pH of the final solution depend on?

A

The amounts of acid and base combined and the pH of the original acids and bases used in the reaction

108
Q

-process of gradually adding one solution to another solution in the presence of an indicator to determine the concentration (or pH) of one of the solutions

A

Titration

109
Q

-to a chemist, a ___ can be almost any combination of cations and anions, except hydroxides and oxides, which are bases

A

Salts

Physical Science (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions