Solutions Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 Flashcards
a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Mixture
does not have a fixed composition
Heterogeneous
a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas
Suspension
Particles in a ____ are large and eventually settle out.
Suspension
Particles in a suspension may be _____.
Filtered out
a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size and stay in suspension. They can be in a liquid, solid, or gas
Colloid
What is intermediate size?
Medium size
Some Immiscible liquids can form ____.
Colloids
A colloid in which liquids that normally do not mix are spread throughout each other
Emulsion
Give an example of emulsion.
mayonnaise
The egg yolk coats the oil and keeps it from forming a separate layer
Uniform mixtures. Components disperse evenly throughout.
Homogeneous Mixtures
Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.
Salt water
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout
Solution
In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent
Solute
In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves
Solvent
Two or more liquids that form a single layer when mixed are said to be ____.
Misicble
What is one way to separate miscible liquids?
Distillation
What must the two liquids in the miscible liquid have in order for distillation to work?
Different boiling points
Liquid solutions sometimes do not contain ____.
Water
Give an example of a liquid solution that does not contain water.
Crude oil
Can all states of matter form solutions?
YAS
Give an example of a gas solution.
The air you are hopefully breathing right now
Solids can ___ in other solids.
Dissolve
a homogeneous mixture that is usually composed of two or more metals
Alloy
Give an example of an alloy.
Brass, which is zinc metal dissolved in copper metal
What is the universal solvent?
Water
What can dissolve in water?
Many different substances
What’re can dissolve _____ because of its structure.
Ionic Compounds
Why does water have a bent shape?
It is a polar compound
What shape does water have?
A bent shape
Does pure water conduct electricity?
No
Some water solutions ___.
Conduct electricity
What are the solutes in solutions that conduct an electric current?
Electrolytes
attractive force between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule
Hydrogen Bonds
What bond pulls oxygen atoms from alcohols (-OH) and sugars, allowing those substances to dissolve in water?
Hydrogen Bonds
What is the rule of thumb in chemistry?
Like dissolves like
Solvents will dissolve substances that are ____.
Like the solvent in molecular structure
Polar dissolves ___.
Polar
Nonpolar dissolves ____.
Nonpolar
a compound whose electrons are equally distributed among its atoms
Nonpolar Compounds
___ will usually not dissolve in water.
Nonpolar compounds
Give an example of a Nonpolar compound.
Olive oil
What must be used to dissolve Nonpolar compounds?
Nonpolar solvents
Name three ways to speed up the dissolving process.
- make a larger surface area
- stir or shake the solution
- heat the solution