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Physical Science > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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0
Q

W=

A

F(d)

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1
Q

-the transfer of energy to an object by the application of a force that causes the object to move in the direction of force

A

Work

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2
Q

Work is measured in ______.

A

Joules

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3
Q

1N(m)=

A

1J

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4
Q

1J=

A

1kg(m2/s2)

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5
Q

-a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed

A

Power

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6
Q

Power=

A

work/time

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7
Q

Power is measured in _____.

A

watts

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8
Q

____ multiply and redirect force.

A

Machines

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9
Q

-a quantity that expresses how much a machine multiplies force or distance

A

Mechanical Advantage

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10
Q

When lifting a box straight up, a mover applies a ___force over a ____ distance.

A

Large

Short

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11
Q

Using a ramp to lift the box, the mover applies a ____ force over a ____ area.

A

Smaller

Longer

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12
Q

M.A.=

A

output force/input force
or
input distance/ output distance

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13
Q

-one of the six basic types of machines, which are the basis for all other forms of machines

A

Simple Machine

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14
Q

Simple machines are split into two families. What are they?

A

Lever family

Incline plane family

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15
Q

The lever family includes the _____, _____, and the _____.

A

Simple lever
Pulled
Wheel and axle

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16
Q

The incline plane family include the _____, _____, and ______.

A

Simple incline plane
Wedge
Screw

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17
Q

Levers are divided into ___.

A

Three classes

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18
Q

All _______ have a fulcrum located between the points of application of the input and output forces. See-saw.

A

First-class levers

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19
Q

In _____ the fulcrum is at one end of the arm and the input force is applied to the other end. Ex. Wheelbarrow

A

Second class lever

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20
Q

____ multiply distance rather than force. As a result, they have less mechanical advantage than 1. The human body contains many of these.

A

Third-class levers

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21
Q

What are modified levers?

A

Pulleys

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22
Q

A _____ is a lever or pulley connected to a shaft.

A

Wheel and axle

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23
Q

What do inclined planes do?

A

They multiply and redirect force.

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24
Q

What is a modified inclined plane?

A

A wedge

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25
Q

What is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder?

A

A screw

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26
Q

-machines made of more than one simple machine

A

Compound Machine

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27
Q

What is the ability to do work?

A

Energy

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28
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules

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29
Q

What do you expel work to do?

A

Pull a sling on a sling shot back.

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30
Q

-the energy that an object has because of its position, shape, or condition

A

Potential energy

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31
Q

-the energy stored in any type of compressed or stretched elastic material

A

Elastic Potential Energy

32
Q

-the energy that could potentially do work due to an object’s position above ground

A

Gravitational Potential Energy

33
Q

What depends on both mass and height?

A

Gravitational potential energy

34
Q

PE=

A

mgh

35
Q

What can be relative or become important when calculating gravitational potential energy?

A

Height

36
Q

What is the energy of an object due to the object’s position?

A

Kinetic energy

37
Q

What depends on mass and speed?

A

Kinetic Energy

38
Q

KE=

A

1/2(mv2)

39
Q

What does kinetic energy depend on most?

A

Speed more than mass

40
Q

-the amount of work an object can do because of the object’s kinetic and potential energy

A

Mechanical Energy

41
Q

ME=

A

PE+KE

42
Q

What things have kinetic energy?

A

Atoms and molecules

43
Q

Chemical reactions involve _______.

A

Potential energy

44
Q

Living things get energy from the ___.

A

Sun

45
Q

Where does the sun get energy from?

A

Nuclear reactions

46
Q

What is a form of energy?

A

Electricity

47
Q

What can become kinetic energy?

A

Potential energy

48
Q

Give an example of potential energy.

A

Almost all the energy of a roller coaster car at the top of a tall hill is potential energy

49
Q

When and how does the potential energy change to kinetic energy in a coaster car?

A

It gradually changes to kinetic energy as a car accelerates downhill

50
Q

___ energy can become ____ energy.

A

Kinetic energy

Potential energy

51
Q

When does kinetic energy convert to potential energy in a roller coaster?

A

As the car hits the lowest point and begins to climb another hill

52
Q

What is energy lost to as object’s travel?

A

Friction and vibration

53
Q

Will the roller coaster car be able to climb a hill as tall as the first hill due to these transformations of energy?

A

No

54
Q

____ energy can be changed to _____ energy.

A

Mechanical

Non mechanical

55
Q

What explains the flight of a baseball?

A

Energy transformations

56
Q

When a ball is hit, the ball does what?

A

It keeps rising until all the kinetic energy is gone.

57
Q

What is all of the ball’s energy when it is at its highest point?

A

Potential energy

58
Q

What happens as the ball falls?

A

All of its potential energy changes back to kinetic energy

59
Q

-energy cannot be created or destroyed

A

The Law of Conservation of energy

60
Q

Does energy appear or disappear?

A

No

61
Q

What describes energy conservation?

A

Thermodynamics

62
Q

Accounting for all of the energy in a system can be ____.

A

Complicated

63
Q

What makes accounting for all the energy easier?

A

Studying a small, defined area

64
Q

What are these defined areas called?

A

Systems

65
Q

Systems can be ____ or ______.

A

Open

Closed

66
Q

Which systems exchange energy with the space that surrounds them?

A

Opened systems

67
Q

When would a system be considered closed?

A

If the flow of energy into and out of a system is small enough to be ignored

68
Q

Is all work done by machines useful?

A

Haha no

69
Q

What is the measure of how much useful work is done?

A

The efficiency of a machine

70
Q

Efficiency=

A

Useful work output/work input

71
Q

What is efficiency usually expressed as?

A

A percentage

72
Q

What machines are impossible?

A

Perpetual motion machines

73
Q

REVIEW MATH SKILLS PROBLEM ON PAGE 460

A
74
Q

Machines need _____.

A

Energy input

75
Q

COMPLETE SECTION 4 REVIEW, PG. 461, #1-9

A

PLEASE DO IT ANNA

76
Q

What results from energy transfer?

A

The feeling associated with temperature difference

77
Q

What indicates an energy transfer?

A

Temperature changes

Physical Science (9 decks)

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