Watershed keme

Question 1

area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into a body of water, such as lake or ocean

Answer 1

drainage basin

Question 2

area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel

Answer 2

watershed

Question 3

river or stream that enters a larger body of water, especially a lake or river

Answer 3

tributary

Question 4

line that follows the ridges or summits forming the exterior boundary of a drainage basin and separates one drainage basin from another

Answer 4

Watershed Divide

Question 5

process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter

Answer 5

Percolation

Question 6

lands that occur along the edges of rivers, streams, lakes, and other water bodies

Answer 6

Riparian zones

Question 7

structural geologic feature where a larger basin is divided into a series of smaller basins with intervening intrabasinal highs

Answer 7

sub-basin

Question 8

general term to describe any repeated, commonly penetrative and parallel alignment of linear elements within a rock

Answer 8

Lineation

Question 9

• springs
• flow is fast
• bed is narrow and curved forward
• rich in oxygen
• clear and cold

Answer 9

Upstream

Question 10

• Water flow rate has decreased
• bed is enlarged and relatively flattened
• Aquatic plants begin to increase on the coasts
• base is sandy and gravelly
• water temperature has increased a few degrees
• oxygen has decreased a little

Answer 10

Middle stream

Question 11

• flow rate of the water has decreased considerably
• bed has expanded
  -depth has decreased
• High aquatic plants have increased on the coasts and in the water
• color of the water has changed due to turbidity and plankton
• temperature of the water increased
• amount of dissolved oxygen decreased
  -water floor is generally sandy-muddy

Answer 11

Downstream

Question 12

areas of water bodies where aquatic life cannot survive because of low oxygen levels

Answer 12

Dead zones

Question 13

aims to provide a holistic intervention for protecting the coastal area by targeting environmental degradation in the uplands (“ridge”) that impact coastal ecosystems through sedimentation, by restoring the shoreline and protecting marine ecosystems (“reef”)

Answer 13

ridge to reef approach

Question 14

Different types of forest in the Philippines

Answer 14

1. tropical lowland evergreen rain forest
2. tropical lower montane rain forest
3. tropical upper montane rain forest
4. beach forest
5. mangrove forest
6. peat-swamp forest
7. tropical subalpine forest
8. forest over limestone
9. forest over ultramafic rocks
10. freshwater swamp forest
11. tropical semi-evergreen rain forest
12. tropical moist deciduous forest

Question 15

• little or no seasonal water shortage
• uniform warm and humid conditions

Answer 15

Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest

Question 16

• rainforest on mountain slopes that are distinctly different from the lowland rainforest that covers the plains, flatlands, and low hills
• can be considered an intermediate zone between the montane cloud forest located at much higher altitudes, generally above the persistent cloud zone, and the tall evergreen rainforest of the lowlands.

Answer 16

tropical lower montane forest

Question 17

Most are in cloud for prolonged periods and in most years are subject to only a moderate drought-stress or none at al

Answer 17

tropical upper montane rain forests

Question 18

ecosystems that can be found adjacent to beaches

Answer 18

Beach forests

Question 19

group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone

Answer 19

Mangrove forest

Question 20

Form in areas where saturated soils or frequent flooding prevent organic material from fully decomposing.

Answer 20

Peat swamp forests

Question 21

formation of low, stunted trees with tiny leaves which is found just below the tree line on the very tallest mountains in the humid tropic

Answer 21

Tropical subalpime forest

Question 22

dominated by the molave tree (Vitex parviflora), which tends to grow in the few pockets of deep soil, with clumps of bamboo, palms, and small leguminous trees and figs occupying much of the remaining land

Answer 22

Forest over limestone

Question 23

Forest in areas of dark-coloured soil that are indicative of a high level of heavy metals such as nickel, chromium, iron, and magnesium

Answer 23

Ultramafic forest

Question 24

defined as a forest that is full (inundated) of mineral-rich water (freshwater)

Answer 24

freshwater swamp forest

Question 25

transitional type of forest between tropical wet evergreen and tropical deciduous forests

Answer 25

Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests

Question 26

Forest receiving high overall rainfall with a warm summer wet season and (often) a cooler winter dry season

Answer 26

Tropical moist deciduous forest