Watershed keme Flashcards
area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into a body of water, such as lake or ocean
drainage basin
area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel
watershed
river or stream that enters a larger body of water, especially a lake or river
tributary
line that follows the ridges or summits forming the exterior boundary of a drainage basin and separates one drainage basin from another
Watershed Divide
process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter
Percolation
lands that occur along the edges of rivers, streams, lakes, and other water bodies
Riparian zones
structural geologic feature where a larger basin is divided into a series of smaller basins with intervening intrabasinal highs
sub-basin
general term to describe any repeated, commonly penetrative and parallel alignment of linear elements within a rock
Lineation
- springs
- flow is fast
- bed is narrow and curved forward
- rich in oxygen
- clear and cold
Upstream
- Water flow rate has decreased
- bed is enlarged and relatively flattened
- Aquatic plants begin to increase on the coasts
- base is sandy and gravelly
- water temperature has increased a few degrees
- oxygen has decreased a little
Middle stream
- flow rate of the water has decreased considerably
- bed has expanded
-depth has decreased - High aquatic plants have increased on the coasts and in the water
- color of the water has changed due to turbidity and plankton
- temperature of the water increased
- amount of dissolved oxygen decreased
-water floor is generally sandy-muddy
Downstream
areas of water bodies where aquatic life cannot survive because of low oxygen levels
Dead zones
aims to provide a holistic intervention for protecting the coastal area by targeting environmental degradation in the uplands (“ridge”) that impact coastal ecosystems through sedimentation, by restoring the shoreline and protecting marine ecosystems (“reef”)
ridge to reef approach
Different types of forest in the Philippines
- tropical lowland evergreen rain forest
- tropical lower montane rain forest
- tropical upper montane rain forest
- beach forest
- mangrove forest
- peat-swamp forest
- tropical subalpine forest
- forest over limestone
- forest over ultramafic rocks
- freshwater swamp forest
- tropical semi-evergreen rain forest
- tropical moist deciduous forest
- little or no seasonal water shortage
- uniform warm and humid conditions
Tropical Lowland Evergreen Forest
- rainforest on mountain slopes that are distinctly different from the lowland rainforest that covers the plains, flatlands, and low hills
- can be considered an intermediate zone between the montane cloud forest located at much higher altitudes, generally above the persistent cloud zone, and the tall evergreen rainforest of the lowlands.
tropical lower montane forest
Most are in cloud for prolonged periods and in most years are subject to only a moderate drought-stress or none at al
tropical upper montane rain forests
ecosystems that can be found adjacent to beaches
Beach forests
group of trees and shrubs that live in the coastal intertidal zone
Mangrove forest
Form in areas where saturated soils or frequent flooding prevent organic material from fully decomposing.
Peat swamp forests
formation of low, stunted trees with tiny leaves which is found just below the tree line on the very tallest mountains in the humid tropic
Tropical subalpime forest
dominated by the molave tree (Vitex parviflora), which tends to grow in the few pockets of deep soil, with clumps of bamboo, palms, and small leguminous trees and figs occupying much of the remaining land
Forest over limestone
Forest in areas of dark-coloured soil that are indicative of a high level of heavy metals such as nickel, chromium, iron, and magnesium
Ultramafic forest
defined as a forest that is full (inundated) of mineral-rich water (freshwater)
freshwater swamp forest
transitional type of forest between tropical wet evergreen and tropical deciduous forests
Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests
Forest receiving high overall rainfall with a warm summer wet season and (often) a cooler winter dry season
Tropical moist deciduous forest
