Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z - BIO104 - General Ecology (Lecture) > Aquatic Environment > Flashcards

Aquatic Environment Flashcards

1
Q

essential substance of life

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • heat Earth’s atmosphere
  • provides energy for the evaporation of water
A

solar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

land

A

lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

water

A

hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

living things

A

biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

air

A

atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

falling motion of water in the form of rain and snow

A

precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

process when water intercepted by vegetation, dead organic matter on the ground, and urban structures and streets

A

interception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examples that intercept water

A
  • vegetation
  • dead organic matter on ground
  • urban structures and streets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

precipitation that reaches the soil and move into the ground

A

infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

water changes phase depending on the __ _ __

A

amount of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

excess water flows across the surface of the ground

A

surface runoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

water entering the soil seeps down to an impervious layer of clay or rock

A

groundwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

evaporation of water from internal surfaces of leaves, stems, and other living parts

A

transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

amount of water vapor in the air

A

Humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

may serve as surface for water vapor to condense

A

particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock

A

water table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • naturally occurring inorganic element or compound
  • have an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties
A

mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • stored in the body of water
  • change from liquid to water vapor
A

evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bonding between the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom is via shared electrons

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

exists when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons with covalent bond

A

polar covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules
  • not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom
A

hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules.

A

Surface Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

examples of animals that use surface tension of water

A
  • water strider
  • water spider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tendency of an object to float in a fluid.

A

Buoyancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • source of frictional resistance to object moving through water
  • property that measures sport to separate molecules and allow object to pass through the liquid
A

viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

viscosity is the source of __ __ to object moving through water

A

frictional resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

water likes to stick to itself

A

Cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

water absorbs a lot of heat before it begins to get hot

A

high specific heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

high specific heat capacity of water prevents the wide __ __ in temperature of aquatic habitats

A

seasonal fluctuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

high specific heat of water is also important in the __ __ of organisms

A

thermal regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

percent of water weight of all living cells

A

75-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

also moderated relative to changes in ambient temperature

A

temperature variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

change with water depth

A

quantity and quality of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

in pure water, what colors are absorbed first

A
  • red
  • infrared
36
Q

absorption of red and infrared light reduces solar energy by __

A

half

37
Q

in pure water, what colors are absorbed second

A
  • yellow
  • green
  • violet
38
Q

in pure water, what color penetrates deepest

A

blue

39
Q

characteristics of organisms in deep water

A
  • typically silver grey or deep black (deep ocean)
  • lack pigment (deeper ocean)
  • large eyes, or no eyes
  • produce light (bioluminescence)
40
Q

Two additional process after light hits water

A
  1. scattering of light
  2. absorbs light
41
Q

what does the scattering of light increase

A
  • length of path through water
  • results further attenuation
42
Q

as water go deeper, temperature gets __

A

colder

43
Q

experience seasonal shifts in temperature

A
  • lakes
  • ponds
44
Q

steep temperature gradient in a body of water such as a lake, marked by a layer above and below which the water is at different temperatures

A

thermocline

45
Q

general tendency of molecules to move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

A

diffusion

46
Q

gives greater contact to stream water with the atmosphere

A

constant swirling

47
Q

constant swirling of stream water gives greater contact with atmosphere and allows it to maintain a __ __ __

A

high oxygen content

48
Q

how does oxygen enters the surface waters from the atmosphere

A

process of diffusion

49
Q

What happens to oxygen during summer

A

become stratified

50
Q

during summer, why does oxygen decrease with depth

A

decomposition in bottom sediments

51
Q

What happens to oxygen during spring and fall turnover

A

becomes replenished

52
Q

where is oxygen replenished during spring and fall turnover

A

deep water

53
Q

influences the availability of nutrients and restricts the environment of organisms sensitive to acid situations

A

acidity

54
Q

CO2 + H2O = ?

A

H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

55
Q

those that have a large number of H+

A

acidic

56
Q

those that have a large number of OH-

A

alkaline (basic)

57
Q

measurement of acidity and alkalinity

A

pH

58
Q

how does increased aciditiy affect organisms directly

A

influencing physiological processes

59
Q

how does increased aciditiy affect organisms indirectly

A

influencing concentrations of toxic heavy metals

60
Q

most organisms cannot survive and reproduce at pH below __

A

~4.5

61
Q

what does the movement of water in surface currects of ocean affect?

A

deep water circulation patterns

62
Q

what generates waves on large lakes and on open sea

A

wind

63
Q

what creates large ripples on the surface of water

A

friction of wind blowing

64
Q

wave is a __ of __ and not the __ of __

A
  • propagation of energy
  • mass of water
65
Q

what affects the motion of water

A

elevation gradient

66
Q
  • faster
  • scours stream bottom
  • leave large bedrock material
A

steep elevation gradient

67
Q

in steep elevation, what happens on the bottom of the stream

A

scoured

68
Q

what is left in the bottom of steep elevation stream

A

bedrock material

69
Q
  • slow
  • meanders through a growth of willows
  • allows finer sediments to build up on stream bottom
A

flat elevation gradient

70
Q

in flat elevation, what happens on the bottom of the stream

A

finer sediments build up

70
Q

slow-moving stream __ through a growth of __

A
  • meanders
  • willows
70
Q

makes high tides of those periods exceptionally large

A

earth, moon, and sun are nearly in line

70
Q
  • result from the gravitational pull of the Moon
  • profoundly influences the rhythm of life on ocean shores
A

tides

70
Q

area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides

A

intertidal zone

71
Q

refers to brimming fullness and active movement of water

A

spring tides

72
Q

when sun, moon, and earth form a rigt angle causing regular high and low tides become lower than usual

A

neap tides

73
Q

where does all streams and rivers eventually drains into

A

sea

74
Q

place where freshwater joins and mixes with saltwater

A

estuary

75
Q
  • the seawater on the surface tends to sink as lighter freshwater rises
  • mixing takes place from the surface to the bottom
A

tidal overmixing

76
Q

what must organisms have to survive in estuaries

A

evolved physiological or behvaioral adaptatoin to changes in salinity

77
Q

what influeces the salinity of estuarine environments

A

interaction of inflowing freshwater and tidal saltwater

78
Q

what fluctutates considerably, both daily and seasonally, in estuaries

A

temperatures

79
Q

what caused the increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the surface waters of the oceans

A

rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide

80
Q

what is the result of increased carbon dioxide concentrations of the surface waters

A
  • decline in pH
  • reduced carbonate concentrations
81
Q

what is the result of the reduction in carbonate concentrations

A

reduced calcium carbonate mineral concentrations

82
Q

what is the calcium carbonate mineral concentrations essential for

A

calcifying marine species

83
Q

what organisms benefit from ocead acidification

A
  • algae
  • seagrasses

z - BIO104 - General Ecology (Lecture) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions