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z - BIO104 - General Ecology (Lecture) > Community Ecology > Flashcards

Community Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

composed of interacting populations of different species

A

community

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2
Q
  • place where a population or an individual of a given species lives
  • has physical and chemical conditions
A

habitat

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3
Q

full range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species can live and reproduce

A

niche

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4
Q

relationship existing between individuals of two or more species

A

interspecific relationship

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5
Q

interspecific relationship may be broadly classified as

A
  1. symbiosis
  2. antagonism
  3. neutralism
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6
Q

relationship existing within a population species

A

intraspecific relationship

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7
Q

Relationship with interactions between different trophic levels

A
  1. predation
  2. competition
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8
Q

Symbiotic Relationship

A
  1. mutualism
  2. parasitism
  3. commensalism
  4. protocooperation
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9
Q
  • in spite of two partners being involved in the association, only one species is benefited at the cost of another
  • one species is harmed
A

antagonism

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10
Q

Antagonism can be further classified as

A
  1. antibiosis/amensalism
  2. parasitism
  3. predation
  4. competition
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11
Q
  • living together
  • refers to very close relationships
  • gradient of interactions
A

symbiosis

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12
Q

gradient of interaction in symbiosis

A

parasitism - amensalism - commensalism - mutualism

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13
Q

Types of interrelations

A
  1. neutralism
  2. competition (direct interference type)
  3. competition (resource use type)
  4. amensalism
  5. parasitism
  6. predation
  7. commensalism
  8. protocooperation
  9. mutualism
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14
Q

neither population affects the other

A

neutralism

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15
Q

direct inhibition of each species by the other

A

competition (direct interference type)

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16
Q

indirect inhibition when common resource is in short supply

A

competition (resource use type)

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17
Q

population 1 inhibited, 2 not affected

A

ammensalism

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18
Q

population 1 the parasite generally smaller than the host

A

parasitism

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19
Q

populatio 1 the predator generally larger than prey

A

predation

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20
Q

population 1 the commensal benefits while the host is not affected

A

commensalism

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21
Q

interaction favorable to both but not obligatory

A

protocooperation

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22
Q

interaction favorable to both and obligatory

A

mutualism

23
Q

two or more organism living together where one is harmed by the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

A

amensalism

24
Q

Kinds of Parasites

A
  1. temporary or partial parasites
  2. permanent parasites
  3. external parasites
  4. endoparasites
  5. facultative parasites
25
Q

organisms spend only a part of their life cycle as parasites

A

temporary or partial parasites

26
Q

organisms spend its entire life cycle as a parasite

A

permanent parasites

27
Q

generally found on the outer surface and derive their nutrients form the body of the host

A

external parasites or ectoparasites

28
Q

found within the body of the host

A

endoparasites or internal parasites

29
Q
  • some parasites are parasitic only on a need basis
  • they remain free at other times
A

facultative parasites

30
Q

Parasite-Host Interactions

A

Gradient effect

31
Q

associated with length of relationship

A

gradient effect

32
Q

Three kinds of gradient effect

A
  1. small effect
  2. variable effect
  3. large effect
33
Q
  • reproduces in host
  • requires low virulence
  • infect reproductive system
A

small effect

34
Q
  • brief period
  • virulence related to number of parasites in host
A

variable effect

35
Q
  • intermediate host
  • alter intermediate host to gain access to definitive host
A

large effect

36
Q

biological interaction where predator feeds on its prey, the organim that is attacked

A

predation

37
Q

Types of predation

A
  1. cannibalism
  2. parasitism
  3. herbivory
38
Q

simply predation on another individual of the same species

A

cannibalism

39
Q
  • one species benefits while the second is harmed
  • feeds for an extended period of time
A

parasitism

40
Q
  • occurs when an animal uses a plant as food
  • most cases, a single act does not kill plant
A

herbivory

41
Q

Evolution of some truly amazing phenomena predation has driven

A
  1. crypsis
  2. aposematism
  3. mimicry
  4. other ways animals avoid being eaten
42
Q

ability of an organism to conceal itself especially from a predator by having a color, pattern, and shape that allows it to blend into the surrounding environment

A

crypsis

43
Q

use of warning coloration to inform potential predators that an animal is poisonous, venomous, or otherwise dangerous

A

aposematism

44
Q

occurs when one species of animal (the mimic) resembles another species that has easily recognizable characteristics (the model) and as a result deceives a potential predator (the dupe) that might otherwise capture and eat it

A

mimicry

45
Q

Predator objective

A

find and catch

46
Q

Prey objective

A

hide and escape

47
Q

prey defense

A
  • hide
  • run
  • fight
48
Q

predator foraging

A
  • sit and wait
  • trap
  • pursue
49
Q

class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected

A

commensalism

50
Q

“sharing of food” in human social interaction

A

commensal

51
Q

commensal is from the word what

A

Latin
cum mensa = sharing a table

52
Q

form of mutualism, but they do not depend on each other for survival

A

protocooperation

53
Q

obligatory interaction between organisms leading to favorable result

A

mutualism

z - BIO104 - General Ecology (Lecture) (10 decks)

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