Community Ecology

Question 1

composed of interacting populations of different species

Answer 1

community

Question 2

• place where a population or an individual of a given species lives
• has physical and chemical conditions

Answer 2

habitat

Question 3

full range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species can live and reproduce

Answer 3

niche

Question 4

relationship existing between individuals of two or more species

Answer 4

interspecific relationship

Question 5

interspecific relationship may be broadly classified as

Answer 5

1. symbiosis
2. antagonism
3. neutralism

Question 6

relationship existing within a population species

Answer 6

intraspecific relationship

Question 7

Relationship with interactions between different trophic levels

Answer 7

1. predation
2. competition

Question 8

Symbiotic Relationship

Answer 8

1. mutualism
2. parasitism
3. commensalism
4. protocooperation

Question 9

• in spite of two partners being involved in the association, only one species is benefited at the cost of another
• one species is harmed

Answer 9

antagonism

Question 10

Antagonism can be further classified as

Answer 10

1. antibiosis/amensalism
2. parasitism
3. predation
4. competition

Question 11

• living together
• refers to very close relationships
• gradient of interactions

Answer 11

symbiosis

Question 12

gradient of interaction in symbiosis

Answer 12

parasitism - amensalism - commensalism - mutualism

Question 13

Types of interrelations

Answer 13

1. neutralism
2. competition (direct interference type)
3. competition (resource use type)
4. amensalism
5. parasitism
6. predation
7. commensalism
8. protocooperation
9. mutualism

Question 14

neither population affects the other

Answer 14

neutralism

Question 15

direct inhibition of each species by the other

Answer 15

competition (direct interference type)

Question 16

indirect inhibition when common resource is in short supply

Answer 16

competition (resource use type)

Question 17

population 1 inhibited, 2 not affected

Answer 17

ammensalism

Question 18

population 1 the parasite generally smaller than the host

Answer 18

parasitism

Question 19

populatio 1 the predator generally larger than prey

Answer 19

predation

Question 20

population 1 the commensal benefits while the host is not affected

Answer 20

commensalism

Question 21

interaction favorable to both but not obligatory

Answer 21

protocooperation

Question 22

interaction favorable to both and obligatory

Answer 22

mutualism

Question 23

two or more organism living together where one is harmed by the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

Answer 23

amensalism

Question 24

Kinds of Parasites

Answer 24

1. temporary or partial parasites
2. permanent parasites
3. external parasites
4. endoparasites
5. facultative parasites

Question 25

organisms spend only a part of their life cycle as parasites

Answer 25

temporary or partial parasites

Question 26

organisms spend its entire life cycle as a parasite

Answer 26

permanent parasites

Question 27

generally found on the outer surface and derive their nutrients form the body of the host

Answer 27

external parasites or ectoparasites

Question 28

found within the body of the host

Answer 28

endoparasites or internal parasites

Question 29

- some parasites are parasitic only on a need basis - they remain free at other times

Answer 29

facultative parasites

Question 30

Parasite-Host Interactions

Answer 30

Gradient effect

Question 31

associated with length of relationship

Answer 31

gradient effect

Question 32

Three kinds of gradient effect

Answer 32

1. small effect 2. variable effect 3. large effect

Question 33

- reproduces in host - requires low virulence - infect reproductive system

Answer 33

small effect

Question 34

- brief period - virulence related to number of parasites in host

Answer 34

variable effect

Question 35

- intermediate host - alter intermediate host to gain access to definitive host

Answer 35

large effect

Question 36

biological interaction where predator feeds on its prey, the organim that is attacked

Answer 36

predation

Question 37

Types of predation

Answer 37

1. cannibalism 2. parasitism 3. herbivory

Question 38

simply predation on another individual of the same species

Answer 38

cannibalism

Question 39

- one species benefits while the second is harmed - feeds for an extended period of time

Answer 39

parasitism

Question 40

- occurs when an animal uses a plant as food - most cases, a single act does not kill plant

Answer 40

herbivory

Question 41

Evolution of some truly amazing phenomena predation has driven

Answer 41

1. crypsis 2. aposematism 3. mimicry 4. other ways animals avoid being eaten

Question 42

ability of an organism to conceal itself especially from a predator by having a color, pattern, and shape that allows it to blend into the surrounding environment

Answer 42

crypsis

Question 43

use of warning coloration to inform potential predators that an animal is poisonous, venomous, or otherwise dangerous

Answer 43

aposematism

Question 44

occurs when one species of animal (the mimic) resembles another species that has easily recognizable characteristics (the model) and as a result deceives a potential predator (the dupe) that might otherwise capture and eat it

Answer 44

mimicry

Question 45

Predator objective

Answer 45

find and catch

Question 46

Prey objective

Answer 46

hide and escape

Question 47

prey defense

Answer 47

- hide - run - fight

Question 48

predator foraging

Answer 48

- sit and wait - trap - pursue

Question 49

class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected

Answer 49

commensalism

Question 50

"sharing of food" in human social interaction

Answer 50

commensal

Question 51

commensal is from the word what

Answer 51

Latin cum mensa = sharing a table

Question 52

form of mutualism, but they do not depend on each other for survival

Answer 52

protocooperation

Question 53

obligatory interaction between organisms leading to favorable result

Answer 53

mutualism