Water Potential Flashcards
Hypotonic Meaning
Solute Concentration is Lower
Water Concentration is Higher
Factors that Affect Water Potential
Solute Potentials
Pressure Potentials
Tonicity
The measure of the concentration of solute particles on either side of a partially permeable membrane
Only solutes who can’t pass the membrane contribute to tonicity
Isotonic Effect in Animal Cell and Reason
No effect as water diffuses between outside and inside equally
Isotonic Effect in Plant Cell and Reason
Becomes flaccid as the plasma membrane is not pressed tightly against the cell wall
Hypotonic Effect in General
Water moves by osmosis from lower solute concentration (outside) to higher solute concentration (inside), thus increasing the volume of the cell
Hypertonic Effect in General
Water moves by osmosis from low solute concentration (inside) to high solute concentration (outside)
Water Potential Equation
Water Potential = Solute Potential + Pressure Potential
Solute Potentials
The concentration of solute particles
High solute concentration = Less potential energy
The higher the solute concentration, the lower the water potential, the more negative the value is
Water moves from high to low water potential
Pressure Potentials
Pressure exerted by water in a system to stop the flow of water down its gradient
Positive Pressure: Pressure in system is greater than environment
Negative Pressure: Pressure in System is less than environment
The higher the pressure, the higher the water potential, the more positive the value is
Water moves from high to low pressure
Isotonic Meaning
Solute and Water Concentration are both Equal
Hypertonic Meaning
Solute Concentration is Higher
Water Concentration is Lower
Osmolarity
The measure of solute concentration
Solubility of Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride has both positive and negative charged ions which attract water molecules causing solvation
Water Movement in a Hypotonic Solution
Pressure potential increases as more water is entering the cell, it causes the cell to become turgid
Solute potential decreases as due to the amount of water in the cell, the solutes become diluted which means the value becomes lower
Water Potential
The potential energy of water per unit volume in a system compared to pure water, the tendency of water molecules to move from one solution to another
Highest possible water potential is 0
Solvation
The interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules or ions
Hypertonic Effect in Plant Cell and Reason
Plasmolysis as the vacuole gradually shrinks from the cell wall and becomes flaccid, along with the membrane pulling away from the cell wall and making the cell plasmolyzed
Isotonic Effect in General
Dynamic Equilibrium
Water Molecule Formation
Water is made of 1 Oxygen atom and 2 Hydrogen atoms joined together by a covalent bond
Hypertonic Effect in Animal Cell and Reason
Shrinks and shrivels because the volume of the cytoplasm drops
Water Movement in a Hypertonic Solution
Pressure potential decreases as water is leaving the cell and the cell becomes flaccid and loses turgor pressure
Solute potential increases as due to the absence of water, the solute concentration becomes more concentrated
Hypotonic Effect in Animal Cell and Reason
Swells and bursts as animal cell doesn’t have a cell wall to support the high water pressure
Why do Transplant Organs need to be Bathed in Isotonic Solutions
To prevent damage to the cells in the organ
To have the same solute concentration as the cells in the organ
To avoid cells from shrinking or swelling due to loss or gain of water by osmosis
Solubility of Glucose
Glucose has hydrophilic Hydroxyl groups with oxygen which has a partial negative charge. This allows the Hydroxyl groups and water to form a hydrogen bond which causes solvation
Hypotonic Effect in Plant Cell and Reason
Swells and becomes turgid as the plant cell has a strong cell wall which can build up turgor pressure
