Water Potential

Question 1

Tonicity

Answer 1

The measure of the concentration of solute particles on either side of a partially permeable membrane

Only solutes who can’t pass the membrane contribute to tonicity

Question 2

Factors that Affect Water Potential

Answer 2

Solute Potentials

Pressure Potentials

Question 3

Hypertonic Effect in Plant Cell and Reason

Answer 3

Plasmolysis as the vacuole gradually shrinks from the cell wall and becomes flaccid, along with the membrane pulling away from the cell wall and making the cell plasmolyzed

Question 4

Hypotonic Effect in General

Answer 4

Water moves by osmosis from lower solute concentration (outside) to higher solute concentration (inside), thus increasing the volume of the cell

Question 5

Solvation

Answer 5

The interaction of a solvent with dissolved molecules or ions

Question 6

Hypertonic Meaning

Answer 6

Solute Concentration is Higher

Water Concentration is Lower

Question 7

Water Molecule Formation

Answer 7

Water is made of 1 Oxygen atom and 2 Hydrogen atoms joined together by a covalent bond

Question 8

Isotonic Effect in Animal Cell and Reason

Answer 8

No effect as water diffuses between outside and inside equally

Question 9

Pressure Potentials

Answer 9

Pressure exerted by water in a system to stop the flow of water down its gradient

Positive Pressure: Pressure in system is greater than environment

Negative Pressure: Pressure in System is less than environment

The higher the pressure, the higher the water potential, the more positive the value is

Water moves from high to low pressure

Question 10

Water Potential

Answer 10

The potential energy of water per unit volume in a system compared to pure water, the tendency of water molecules to move from one solution to another

Highest possible water potential is 0

Question 11

Hypertonic Effect in Animal Cell and Reason

Answer 11

Shrinks and shrivels because the volume of the cytoplasm drops

Question 12

Water Potential Equation

Answer 12

Water Potential = Solute Potential + Pressure Potential

Question 13

Isotonic Meaning

Answer 13

Solute and Water Concentration are both Equal

Question 14

Solubility of Sodium Chloride

Answer 14

Sodium chloride has both positive and negative charged ions which attract water molecules causing solvation

Question 15

Hypotonic Meaning

Answer 15

Solute Concentration is Lower

Water Concentration is Higher

Question 16

Osmolarity

Answer 16

The measure of solute concentration

Question 17

Why do Transplant Organs need to be Bathed in Isotonic Solutions

Answer 17

To prevent damage to the cells in the organ

To have the same solute concentration as the cells in the organ

To avoid cells from shrinking or swelling due to loss or gain of water by osmosis

Question 18

Hypotonic Effect in Animal Cell and Reason

Answer 18

Swells and bursts as animal cell doesn’t have a cell wall to support the high water pressure

Question 19

Water Movement in a Hypotonic Solution

Answer 19

Pressure potential increases as more water is entering the cell, it causes the cell to become turgid

Solute potential decreases as due to the amount of water in the cell, the solutes become diluted which means the value becomes lower

Question 20

Hypertonic Effect in General

Answer 20

Water moves by osmosis from low solute concentration (inside) to high solute concentration (outside)

Question 21

Water Movement in a Hypertonic Solution

Answer 21

Pressure potential decreases as water is leaving the cell and the cell becomes flaccid and loses turgor pressure

Solute potential increases as due to the absence of water, the solute concentration becomes more concentrated

Question 22

Isotonic Effect in Plant Cell and Reason

Answer 22

Becomes flaccid as the plasma membrane is not pressed tightly against the cell wall

Question 23

Hypotonic Effect in Plant Cell and Reason

Answer 23

Swells and becomes turgid as the plant cell has a strong cell wall which can build up turgor pressure

Question 24

Isotonic Effect in General

Answer 24

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 25

Solubility of Glucose

Answer 25

Glucose has hydrophilic Hydroxyl groups with oxygen which has a partial negative charge. This allows the Hydroxyl groups and water to form a hydrogen bond which causes solvation

Question 26

Solute Potentials

Answer 26

The concentration of solute particles

High solute concentration = Less potential energy

The higher the solute concentration, the lower the water potential, the more negative the value is

Water moves from high to low water potential