Respiration Additional Practice

Question 1

ATP Molecule Components

Answer 1

One adenosine molecule (adenine + ribose)

3 phosphate groups

The high energy bonds bond the last two phosphates of the ATP molecule, and thus release energy when broken down

Question 2

Properties of ATP

Answer 2

Water soluble and can move freely around the cytoplasm

Stable at pH levels close to neutral as the cytoplasm

Can’t pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer

Unstable and can be easily hydrolyzed

Question 3

Difference with Anaerobic and Aerobic

Answer 3

Oxygen is needed
Oxygen is not needed

Glucose is completely oxidized
Glucose is partly oxidized

Large amount of ATP is produced (36 ATP)
Small amount of ATP is produced (2 ATP)

Occurs in the mitochondria
Occurs in the cytoplasm

Produces CO2 and H2O
Produces lactic acid

Question 3

Variables that Affect Rate of Respiration

Answer 3

High or low temperatures can decrease the rate

Concentration of sugar consumed

Oxygen uptake

CO2 Produced

pH

Question 4

NAD

Answer 4

A coenzyme that accepts hydrogen atoms lost from oxidized molecules to be reduced and loses hydrogen to become oxidized

Question 5

Respiration Equation

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H20 + 6CO2

Question 6

Alcoholic VS Lactic Acid Fermentation

Answer 6

Occurs in yeast and bacteria
Occurs in muscles during vigorous exercise

Produces ethanol and CO2
Produces lactic acid

Pyruvate is decarboxylated to ethanal and gains hydrogen from NAD to form ethanol
Pyruvate gains hydrogen from NAD to form lactate

Question 7

Adaptation of the Mitochondrion for Respiration

Answer 7

Matrix contains ribosomes and many enzymes which are vital for the link reaction and Krebs Cycle

Inner membrane is the location of the electron carriers for the ETC and ATP synthase, also folded into cristae for more surface area for oxidative phosphorylation

Inner membrane space has a high proton concentration generated by the ETC which is vital for chemiosmosis

Outer membrane separates the contents of the mitochondrion from the rest of the cell, and contains transport proteins for moving pyruvate into the mitochondria

Question 8

Fats in Respiration

Answer 8

Most of the ATP produced during respiration is done so during oxidative phosphorylation, which is dependent on the flow of protons through the ATP synthase. Therefore, the more hydrogen there is, the more ATP is produced. Fats have more hydrogens per molecule therefore higher amount of ATP