Water Flashcards
Extraplanetary Origin of Water on Earth
Two 4.5 billion year old meteorites found on earth contained a liquid that is similar to the ocean water. This suggests that the water in these meteorites are the source of Earth’s oceans.
Evidence: Earth’s current deuterium to hydrogen ratio also matches Earth’s seawater.
Hydrogen Bonding
The attraction between slightly positive and slightly negative regions of two different polar molecules.
Significant of Thermal
Cells can withstand a lot of heat energy release from their metabolic reactions without boiling away.
Reasons for Retention of Water on Earth
Earth’s distance from the Sun ensures that the temperature will never be high enough for water to boil which makes water get retained much more easily.
When meteorites heat up, they cool down once they come to earth and condense their water vapor into liquid water.
Earth has strong gravity which holds oceans tightly to its surface and holds gases in the atmosphere.
Viscosity of Gavia Artica in Air and Water
Air: Gavia Artica can easily move through the air when flying since air is not viscous
Water: Has webbed feet to provide large surface area to push against water, and has a streamlined body shape to reduce drag in water
Importance of Hydrogen Bonding in Water
Cohesion in water helps transport water in the xylem.
Adhesion between water and cell walls helps defy gravity to travel up xylem.
Thermal property is as much energy is required to break the hydrogen bond.
Solvent property of water with hydrophilic molecules.
Goldilocks Zone and Water
Water is the source of life, therefore planets need to be in a specific distance away from the sun in order to have water.
This zone is called “The Goldilocks Zone”.
If a planet is too close, water will vaporize. If a planet is too far, water will freeze.
Significance of Solvent
Water acts as a medium for all metabolic reactions in the cytoplasm.
Water acts as a transport medium in plants and animals.
Thermal Conductivity of Gavia Artica in Air and Water
Air: They can trap air in their feathers forming an insulating layer which reduces heat loss
Water: Their feathers contain oil glands that release oil which provides a hydrophobic barrier which insulates the body from heat loss
Buoyancy of Gavia Artica in Air and Water
Air: Has hollow bones to decrease weight so it can fly easily in the air
Water: Can dive long deep distances underwater by compressing air from lungs and feathers to decrease buoyancy
Molecules that are Polar or Non-Polar
Glucose: Polar
Amino Acids: Depending on R group
Oxygen: Non-Polar
NaCl: Ionic
Fats: Non-Polar
Viscosity of Pusa Hispida in Air and Water
Air: High viscosity of water at cold temperatures allows them to create and maintain breathing holes
Water: Bodies are adapted for swimming through the water
Physical Properties of Water
Buoyancy: An upward force exerted by a fluid on an object. (Depends on density of object)
Viscosity: Resistance to flow (Solutes can increase viscosity)
Thermal Conductivity: Ability of water to pass heat (Increases up util boiling point)
Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1g of water by 1C
Thermal Conductivity of Pusa Hispida in Air and Water
Blubber helps insulate the body
The air trapped in their fur and blubber serves as an insulator which keeps them warm and conserve body heat
Significance of Adhesion
Water is attracted to the cellulose cell wall of the xylem and sticks to it to rise against gravity.
Helps bring water upwards from the soil into the roots.
Solubility of Molecules
Glucose: Soluble
Amino Acids: Depending on R group
Oxygen: Soluble due to small size
NaCl: Soluble
Fats: Insoluble
Significance of Cohesion
Cohesion is important for water to move up xylem vessels in plants.
Cohesion creates surface tension which allows some insects to move on water’s surface.
Specific Heat Capacity of Both Animals
Helps both mammals maintain a stable body temperature because the temperature of water doesn’t change as fast as air
Water is warmer than air in colder temperatures which allows for both mammals to spend more time in water
Water Physical Properties Consequences on Organisms
Buoyancy: Helps organisms use water as their habitat as they can float without using energy
Viscosity: High viscosity can make it more challenging for aquatic animals to swim efficiently
Thermal Conductivity: Allows warm-blooded animals to have insulating properties and remove excess heat
Specific Heat Capacity: Helps organisms use water as their habitat as water doesn’t change as easily as air does
Hydrogen Bond Weakness
Hydrogen Bonds are weak and can be broken easily, however, due to water having a large amount of hydrogen bonds it contributes to its stability and strength.
Location of Goldilocks Zone
The location of the Goldilocks Zone depends on:
The size of the star and amount of energy it emits
The size of the planet which determines strength of gravity and atmospheric pressure
The more planets there are in the Goldilocks Zone, the higher chance there is for extraterrestrial life to exist.
Properties of Water
Cohesive Properties: Can stick to each other.
Adhesive Properties: Can stick to surfaces.
Solvent Properties: Can dissolve hydrophilic molecules easily.
Thermal Properties: Hydrogen bonds require a large amount of heat energy to break.
Buoyancy of Pusa Hispida in Air and Water
Has thick layer of fat under the skin (blubber) which provides low density and increases buoyancy
Mode of Transport for Molecules
Glucose: Dissolved in blood plasma
Amino Acids: Dissolved in blood plasma
Oxygen: Attaches to the hemoglobin of the RBC
NaCl: Ionizes into Na and Cl in plasma
Fats: Carried in blood plasma inside lipoprotein complexes with a single layer of phospholipids
What is Water used For
Water is the medium in which most processes of life occur.
