Water on the land

Question 0

Saltation

Answer 0

Bouncing movement of load on river bed

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Chalk and limestone dissolve in the water

Question 2

Hydraulic action

Answer 2

Sheer force of the water

Question 3

Suspension

Answer 3

The load is floating in the water being carried with it

Question 4

Abrasion

Answer 4

Load hits banks

Question 5

Attrition

Answer 5

Load hits other loads, break off

Question 6

Traction

Answer 6

Rocks and boulders roll along the river bed

Question 7

Meander

Answer 7

Bend or curve in the river channel

Question 8

Gorge

Answer 8

Narrow, steep sided valley

Question 9

Flood plains

Answer 9

Flat area next to the over channel in the lower course

Question 10

Levees

Answer 10

Natural embankments raised along the course of the river

Question 11

Oxbow lake

Answer 11

U shaped body of water that has been cut off from the main river channel

Question 12

Formation of meander and oxbow lakes

Answer 12

River has fast current. Due to deposition is inside and erosion outside, the river shape will be more bent, forming a meander neck. In time the river will cut through the meander neck, forming a new straight route that the river will flow through. Deposition happens next to the banks and will block the old meander, leaving an oxbow lake

Question 13

Formation of waterfall

Answer 13

Hard layer rock over soft layer rock. Water erodes through the soft layer rock, forming an overhang and water will fall off the over hang and into a plunge pool. Th overhang will soon break off into pieces and fall into plunge pool and the water will retreat back

Question 14

Formation of levees and flood plains

Answer 14

When a River floods, it will overflow its banks and slow down due to friction. The load it’s being carrying will be deposited on the river’s banks and this will form levees. This will be built up with silt and clay and will eventually form a floodplain

Question 15

Floodplain zoning

Answer 15

Controlling what is built on the floodplain so that areas risk of flooding have low value land uses

Question 16

Surplus, deficit and stress

Answer 16

Surplus is water is more than needed
Deficit is having not enough water
Stress is not having the right amount of water

Question 17

Formation of gorge

Answer 17

Formation of waterfall, then when the water retreats, the a gorge is formed

Question 18

Hard engineering

Answer 18

Use of technology to control rivers
- straightening meanders
Immediate results

Question 19

Soft engineering

Answer 19

Uses of natural river system without technology
- floodplain zoning
Usually slow results

Question 20

Process of transportation

Answer 20

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

Question 21

Process of erosion

Answer 21

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 22

Upper channel

Answer 22

Shallow, narrow channel
Vertical erosion - abrasion, attrition and abrasion
Deposition of largest load

Question 23

Middle channel

Answer 23

Wider, deeper channel 
Lateral erosion 
Less hydraulic action 
Main transportation is suspension 
More deposition

Question 24

Lower channel

Answer 24

Widest, deepest channel
Little lateral erosion
Suspension is dominant
Deposition of fine material