C1 Chemistyr

Question 0

Compounds

Answer 0

Substances made up of 2 or more atoms chemically joined together

Question 1

Elements

Answer 1

A substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 2

Atom structure

Answer 2

Central nucleus made of protons and neutrons.

Outside nucleus are electrons

Question 3

Ionic bonds

Answer 3

Metal and non metal
Non metal lose electrons to be positive
Metal gains electron to be negative charged ions

Question 4

Covalent bonds

Answer 4

Happens when atoms share a pair of electrons

Non metals

Question 5

Thermal decomposition

Answer 5

Breaking down of substance by using heat

Question 6

Continental drift

Answer 6

The gradual movement of continents across the earths surface through time

Question 7

Gases in the atmosphere

Answer 7

78% Nitrogen,
21 Oxygen,
Others are noble gases such as argon or C02

Question 8

Saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 8

Unsaturated have double bonds in carbon atoms, liquid at room temperature
Saturated have single bonds between their carbon atoms, solid at room temperature

Question 9

Emulsion

Answer 9

Liquid mixture of water and oil

Question 10

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Answer 10

Water loving and water hater

Question 11

Bromine water with sat and undersaturated fats

Answer 11

Unsaturated becomes colorless

Saturated becomes orange brain

Question 12

Hydrogenation

Answer 12

Solidifying unsaturated fats using hydrogen to make butter

Question 13

Cracking

Answer 13

Breaking down hydrocarbons into simpler ones

Question 14

Alkene

Answer 14

Double covalent bonds
Colorless bromine water
C2H4

Question 15

Alkane

Answer 15

Single carbon bonds
Brown or orangey bromine water
CnH2n+2

Question 16

Polymers

Answer 16

Large molecules made up of joined monomers

Question 17

Polymerization

Answer 17

Bracket whole formula with single bond and put an ‘n’ at the right outside of the bracket. Leave everything else like it was

Question 18

Pros and cons of polymers

Answer 18

Pro- They are very useful and unreactive

Cons-Hard to dispose off

Question 19

Recycling polymers

Answer 19

Even tho recycling is useful, it’s hard and expensive because you have to separate the different types of plastics

Question 20

Use sugar instead of Ethane to produce ethanol

Answer 20

Use sugar because its renewable by fermentation using fungi

Question 21

Ethanol formula

Answer 21

C2H5OH

Question 22

How calcium hydroxide is obtained from calcium carbonate?

Answer 22

Thermal decomposition
Strongly heat up calcium carbonate and it will produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide will then react with water to produce calcium hydroxide.

Question 23

Calcium hydroxide

Answer 23

An alkali that neutralists excess acidity

Question 24

Cement

Answer 24

Heat powdered limestone with clay.

Question 25

Mortar

Answer 25

Used to bind bricks together, mix cement, sand and water

Question 26

Concrete

Answer 26

Mix cement, sand, water and aggregate

Question 27

Pros and cons of using Limestone, mortar and concrete as building materials

Answer 27

react with carbon dioxide dissolved in rain water and will wear away. This damages them. Pollution from burning fossil fuels makes the rain more acidic than it should be, and this acid rain makes these problems worse.
Concrete is useful because it could be easily shaped into shapes before it hardens and it is strong when it is squashed.

Question 28

Metals

Answer 28

Are produced when metal oxides are reduced. The reduction depends on their reactivity.

Question 29

Different metals and extraction methods

Answer 29

Potassium - electrolysis
Zinc - Carbon monoxide
Gold - Other methods

Question 30

Characteristics of Transition metals

Answer 30

Good heat and electrical conductors
Hammered and shaped easily
Titanium and iron

Question 31

Phytomining

Answer 31

Burning vegetables and use the ash that contains the metals compounds

Question 32

Bioleaching

Answer 32

Using bacterial leachates that contain copper compounds

Question 33

Extracting titanium and aluminum is expensive because

Answer 33

The process takes a lot of stages

Large amount of energy are needed

Question 34

Fractional distillation

Answer 34

Separation of liquid mixtures into different temperature columns

Question 35

Complete combustion

Answer 35

Carbon will be oxidized into carbon dioxide

Question 36

Incomplete combustion

Answer 36

Water will still be produced but carbon monoxide will be produced and it is a toxic gas