Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography a level > Water EQ1 > Flashcards

Water EQ1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

what is an example of a closed system

A

a global hydrological cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the global hydrological cycle

A

circulation of water around the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two powers which drive the global hydrological cycle

A
  1. solar energy - as a form of heat

2. gravitational energy - causes rivers to flow downhill and precipitation to fall to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a store?

A

reservoirs where water is held

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 4 main stores in the global hydrological cycle?

A
  1. oceans
  2. glaciers
  3. surface runoff
  4. atmosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are flows?

A

transfers of water from one store to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 4 main flows in the global hydrological cycle?

A
  1. precipitation
  2. evaporation
  3. transpiration
  4. vapour transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are fluxes?

A

the rates of flow between stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where do the greatest fluxes occur?

A

in the oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the global water budget?

A

all the water that is held in the stores and flows of the global hydrological cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a residence time?

A

average time a molecule of water will spend in one of the stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what percentage of all water is freshwater?

A

2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what percentage of freshwater is easily accessible surface freshwater?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what two water stores are non renewable?

A

cryosphere and fossil water (ancient deep groundwater from wetter periods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the main stores of easily accessible surface freshwater?

A

lakes and soil moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an example of a open system?

A

drainage basin

17
Q

what is a drainage basin?

A

subsystem within the global hydrological cycle, it has external inputs and outputs. they vary in size as the inputs vary overtime therefore the amount of water varies as well

18
Q

what is the main input in a drainage basin?

A

precipitation

19
Q

characteristics of precipitation which impacts a drainage basin?

A
  1. form - rain, snow, hail
  2. amount -this will affect the amount of water in a drainage basin and fluxes
  3. intensity - the greater the intensity, the greater the likelihood of flooding
  4. seasonality - drainage basin system operating at different flow levels at different time of the year
  5. distribution - where tributaries start in different climate zones
20
Q

what are the 7 flows in transferring water into the drainage system?

A
  1. interception = retention of water by plants and soils which is absorbed by vegetation
  2. infiltration = process by which water soaks into or is absorbed by the soil
  3. percolation = similar to infiltration, but a deeper transfer of water into permeable rocks
  4. through flow = the lateral transfer of water down slope through the soil
  5. groundwater flow = the very slow transfer of percolated water through previous or porous rocks
  6. surface runoff - movement of water that is unconfined by a channel across the surface of the ground
  7. river/channel flow = takes over as soon as the water enters a river or stream
21
Q

what are the three main outputs of a drainage basin?

A
  1. evaporation - moisture is lost directly into the atmosphere
  2. transpiration - biological process by which water is lost from plants through minute pores and transferred to the atmosphere
  3. channel flow - into a larger drainage basin
22
Q

what are the human factors affecting a drainage basin???

A
  • river management
  • deforestation
  • changing land use - agriculture
  • changing land use - urbanisation
23
Q

what is a storm hydrograph?

A

a graph showing changes in the discharge of a river over a short period of time. It shows the rate flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point

24
Q

what are the two types of hydrograph?

A
  1. flashy hydrograph with a short lag time and high peak

2. flat hydrograph with a low peak

25
Q

what type of factors is a flashy hydrograph influenced by?

A

human factors such as:

  • deforestation
  • urbanisation
  • agricultural use
26
Q

what type of factors is a flat hydrograph influenced by?

A

physical factors

27
Q

what is a water budget/ balance?

A

balance between precipitation, evaporation and run off. it is a tool to assess the current status and trends in water resources availability in an area or over a period of time

28
Q

what is the equation for precipitation?

A

p=Q+E +_S

precipitation = runoff + evapotranspiration +_ storage in the soil, aquifers or reservoirs

29
Q

define river regime

A

annual variation in the discharge or flow of a river at a particular point measured in cummec

30
Q

what is soil moisture surplus?

A

precipitation is greater then evapotranspiration

31
Q

what is soil moisture utilisation?

A

as temperature increases, the rate of
evaporation will increase, the soil uses the
moisture gained during its surplus

32
Q

what is soil moisture recharge?

A

when evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation and as a result the soil will regain moisture and reduce it’s deficit

33
Q

what is soil moisture deficit?

A

Despite evaporation decreasing, there isn’t
enough precipitation to provide for vegetation
use of water loss

34
Q

what is a names example of a drainage basin?

A

Amazon

35
Q

name 3 factors affecting the characteristics of a river regime?

A

▪ Channel capacity of the river
▪ Area and relief of the drainage basin
▪ Volume, pattern and intensity of precipitation
▪ Climate
▪ Geology of the soil (affecting the input of groundwater)
▪ Anthropogenic (human) activities, such as building dams or terracing the land.

36
Q

how is deforestation affecting the amazon drainage basin?

A
  • provokes irreparable damage in the amazon water cycle

- the retention of humidity of the soil decreases which facilitates the the evaporation of water from the soil

Geography a level (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions