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Geography a level > Superpowers EQ2 > Flashcards

Superpowers EQ2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the roles of IGOs?

A
  • provide a forum for discussion
  • create a mechanism for he worlds inhabitants
  • to deal with economic and social questions
  • help allow states to take a longer term perspective
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2
Q

What are the WEF?

A

a Swiss not for profit organisation which works across national boarders with the aim to improve the state of the world by bringing together business political academic leaders of society

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3
Q

Name a good and bad thing about the WEF

A

+ helps to deal with global issues
+ provides a discourse
+ not strictly political leaders

  • conflicts between players and stakeholders
  • governments tend to have the overall say
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4
Q

What is the IMF

A

Give loans to developing countries with the aim to promote global economic stability

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5
Q

What’s a good and bad thing about the IMF?

A

+ helps to clear debt

  • conditions/ regulations from the loans
  • member states - countries pay in for a vote
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6
Q

Who are the World Bank?

A

A bank which lends money on a global scale and give grants to developing countries. They have a proportional voting system based on the amount of money each country has invested

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7
Q

What is a good and a bad thing about the world bank?

A

+ help developing countries

  • dominated by the USA who have 16% of all votes
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8
Q

What is the WTO?

A

They ask country to remove tariffs and taxes on foreign imports and subsidies to domestic products so that trade is free and without barriers. They supervise and liberalise international trade

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9
Q

What is a good and bad thing about the WTO?

A

+ promotes free trade through the gradual reduction in tariffs
+ trade without discrimination

  • not a completely free trade bloc
  • trade rules are unfavourable to developing economies
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10
Q

How many people do Walmart employ ( case study TNCs) impact on world)

A

2.3 million people worldwide

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11
Q

What is the case study for TNCs in superpowers

A

Disney

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12
Q

How is Disney involved in many global activities?

A
  • 14 theme parks and resorts
  • over 250 TV companies
  • 12 publishing companies
  • hundreds of shops worldwide
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13
Q

What have Disney done to target different parts of the world?

A
  • lion king aimed at African markets
  • Aladdin aimed at asian markets
  • Mulan marked Disney’s decision to enter the Chinese market
  • media influences all across the world
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14
Q

How is there spreading of Americanisation?

A

Through art, food and media mostly originating from there

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15
Q

How is westernisation affecting places around the world?

A
  • social media’s increase in use is making people more connected as people across the world can communicate, exchange messages share knowledge
  • programs such as friends and Simpson’s are available in almost every country in the world on every airline and every streaming channel
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16
Q

What global action has taken place to resolve crisis response?

A

Britain contributed 1.5 billion dollars of air to the humanitarian crisis in syria

17
Q

What global action has taken place to prevent conflict?

A

UK uses programmes to help Middle Eastern and North African regions. On some occasions military action has been used to prevent conflict

18
Q

What global action has taken place for climate change mitigation?

A

Reduction in greenhouse emissions at the conference of the parties

Collapse of the Soviet Union helped to reduce the number of polluting factories and inefficient state farms and the slowdown in China’s economy

19
Q

What’s an example of a military alliance?

A

USA - helped in Afghanistan’s conflict they recruited Muslim fighters and weapons to fight against the Soviet Union

USA and France - Haiti hurricane in 2016 provided 550 personnel as well has humanitarian aid

20
Q

What is an example of economic alliances?

A

UN - Haiti earthquake in 2016 UNIVEF sought out $5 billion from UN funds to provide aid for hundreds of children in need

NAFTA - free trade agreements with Canada and Mexico

EU - free trade between 28 member states

21
Q

What is an example of environmental alliances?

A

Kiribati - sand has to be imported from Australia to maintain the land as it is disappearing

22
Q

What is geostrategy?

A

The strategy requires in dealing wirh geopolitical problems

23
Q

Who is in the United Nations security council?

A

5 permanent any members:
China, France, USA, Great Britain and Russia

They are the only countries with veto power

24
Q

What are the aims of the UNSC?

A

To keep international peace and security

Encourage friendship among nations

25
Q

What are some roles the UNSC have?

A

UN peacekeepers - for natural disasters and civil war

Hold climate change conferences and make progress at each one - eg all developed countries have to deduce their greenhouse gas’s emittions

26
Q

Who are the largest emitters of CO2 and why?

A

USA -
large population consumption
Depend on cars
Air travel due to number of states

CHINA -
Large population
Factories
Heavily dependant on coal

27
Q

Who are the biggest leaders in climate change?

A

EU - trading scheme was the first major carbon trading market and remains the biggest today

28
Q

Who are not helping to tackle climate change?

A

USA - backed out of the Kyoto protocol and instead shifted to non renewable sources of energy (fracking)

29
Q

Reasons fo environmental degradation?

A

Land scarring - 2030 5% of Amazon will be irreversibly damaged

Removal of forests - many thousands of species have been removed and 50% will be extinct soon

Oil spills - shell in Nigeria and artic

30
Q

What are China’s willingness to act to reduce carbon emissions?

A
  • China renewable energy law
  • agreed to work toward emissions peak in 2014 but only started in 2016
  • China burns most coal in the world leading to air pollution
  • large car ownership and heavy traffic congestion’s has contributed to air pollution

2020 goal - nuclear and wind power will increase as well as the development of the three gorges dam and solar farm - largest in the world

31
Q

What are EUs willingness to reduce carbon emissions?

A

Targets by 2030

  • 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions
  • global warming has to be limited to below 2 degrees
  • EU has committed to the second phase of the Kyoto protocol
32
Q

Case study for growing middle class?

A

China

33
Q

How are China’s growing middle class contributing to climate change?

A
  • increasing consumptions is foodstuffs and consumer goods - meat perfume and coffee
  • more residents installing shower and toilets which is exceeding water consumption by 70%
  • over 1 billion Chinese use a mobile phone - crude oil and metals are used to make plastics, phone batteries contain toxic chemicals
  • increases carbon emissions from high energy consumption

Geography a level (17 decks)

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