Superpowers EQ1 Flashcards
define superpower
a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world and to be a dominant global force
define hypopower
an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power
give an example of a superpower
USA,EU
give an example of a emerging superpower
china, india, russia
give an example of a regional power
brazil, south africa, japan
give 3 reasons why the USA is the superpower of the world
tourism, gold, athletics, GDP, military
what is a smart power?
mixing hard and soft power
define hard power
is the expression of a country’s influence through coercive measures
give an example of hard power
military action, military alliances, using economic sanctions against countries
define soft power
the power that arises from a country’s political and economic influence, moral authority and cultural attractiveness
give an example of a soft power
using the media to promote, exporting culture in the form of film and TV
what are the 7 mechanisms of power
- physical size and geographical position
- economic power and influence
- demographic factors
- political factors
- military strength
- cultural influence
- access to natural resources
what is Mckinders theory?
whoever controlled europe and asia would control the world
define colonialism
the effectiveness of power in military
what is a UNI - polar world?
one dominated by one superpower
what is a BI - polar world?
one in which two superpowers with differing ideologies, compete for power
MULTI - polar world?
more complex - many emerging powers and superpowers
define imperialism
a relationship pf political, economic or cultural control between geographical areas
define colonization
the physical settling of people from a colonial power within their colony
give 2 reasons why the navy and military was of importance
- navy was a symbol of military power
- royal navy dominated the sea from around 1700-1930 protecting trading routes
- navy provided a link between the home country and the overseas countries
what are the 3 reasons as to why the British empire fell…
- economic decline = overspent on war therefore became bankrupt after WW2, economic slow down
- loss of military influence = heavy losses driving the war - beaten in europe and asia
- loss of colonies = many colonies fought for allies
What is neo-colonialism
Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny
Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens
- War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
E.g. Congo and Vietnam - Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud - Many NICs have started to develop
What is the modernisation theory?
Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government
What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?
- Only describes the process of economic change and growth
- does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
What is the dependency theory?
The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress
What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?
- NCIs have broken free and developed
- the theory is static
What is the worlds systems theory?
Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers
How is China rising in power?
- huge Human Resources
- economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down
- increasingly engages with other parts of the world
- has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
What is neo-colonialism
Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny
Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens
- War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
E.g. Congo and Vietnam - Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud - Many NICs have started to develop
What is the modernisation theory?
Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government
What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?
- Only describes the process of economic change and growth
- does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
What is the dependency theory?
The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress
What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?
- NCIs have broken free and developed
- the theory is static
What is the worlds systems theory?
Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers
How is China rising in power?
- huge Human Resources
- economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down
- increasingly engages with other parts of the world
- has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
What is neo-colonialism
Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny
Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens
- War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
E.g. Congo and Vietnam - Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud - Many NICs have started to develop
What is the modernisation theory?
Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government
What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?
- Only describes the process of economic change and growth
- does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
What is the dependency theory?
The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress
What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?
- NCIs have broken free and developed
- the theory is static
What is the worlds systems theory?
Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers
How is China rising in power?
- huge Human Resources
- economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down
- increasingly engages with other parts of the world
- has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
What will happen to emerging powers in the future?
- demand more say in global organisations
- more influence over global financial decision making
- play a greater role in international peace keeping missions
