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Geography a level > Superpowers EQ1 > Flashcards

Superpowers EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

define superpower

A

a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world and to be a dominant global force

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2
Q

define hypopower

A

an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power

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3
Q

give an example of a superpower

A

USA,EU

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4
Q

give an example of a emerging superpower

A

china, india, russia

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5
Q

give an example of a regional power

A

brazil, south africa, japan

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6
Q

give 3 reasons why the USA is the superpower of the world

A

tourism, gold, athletics, GDP, military

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7
Q

what is a smart power?

A

mixing hard and soft power

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8
Q

define hard power

A

is the expression of a country’s influence through coercive measures

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9
Q

give an example of hard power

A

military action, military alliances, using economic sanctions against countries

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10
Q

define soft power

A

the power that arises from a country’s political and economic influence, moral authority and cultural attractiveness

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11
Q

give an example of a soft power

A

using the media to promote, exporting culture in the form of film and TV

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12
Q

what are the 7 mechanisms of power

A
  1. physical size and geographical position
  2. economic power and influence
  3. demographic factors
  4. political factors
  5. military strength
  6. cultural influence
  7. access to natural resources
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13
Q

what is Mckinders theory?

A

whoever controlled europe and asia would control the world

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14
Q

define colonialism

A

the effectiveness of power in military

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15
Q

what is a UNI - polar world?

A

one dominated by one superpower

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16
Q

what is a BI - polar world?

A

one in which two superpowers with differing ideologies, compete for power

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17
Q

MULTI - polar world?

A

more complex - many emerging powers and superpowers

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18
Q

define imperialism

A

a relationship pf political, economic or cultural control between geographical areas

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19
Q

define colonization

A

the physical settling of people from a colonial power within their colony

20
Q

give 2 reasons why the navy and military was of importance

A
  • navy was a symbol of military power
  • royal navy dominated the sea from around 1700-1930 protecting trading routes
  • navy provided a link between the home country and the overseas countries
21
Q

what are the 3 reasons as to why the British empire fell…

A
  1. economic decline = overspent on war therefore became bankrupt after WW2, economic slow down
  2. loss of military influence = heavy losses driving the war - beaten in europe and asia
  3. loss of colonies = many colonies fought for allies
22
Q

What is neo-colonialism

A

Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny

23
Q

Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens

A
  1. War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
    E.g. Congo and Vietnam
  2. Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
    E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud
  3. Many NICs have started to develop
24
Q

What is the modernisation theory?

A

Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government

25
Q

What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?

A
  • Only describes the process of economic change and growth
  • does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
26
Q

What is the dependency theory?

A

The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress

27
Q

What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?

A
  • NCIs have broken free and developed

- the theory is static

28
Q

What is the worlds systems theory?

A

Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers

29
Q

How is China rising in power?

A
  • huge Human Resources
  • economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down
  • increasingly engages with other parts of the world
  • has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
30
Q

What is neo-colonialism

A

Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny

31
Q

Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens

A
  1. War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
    E.g. Congo and Vietnam
  2. Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
    E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud
  3. Many NICs have started to develop
32
Q

What is the modernisation theory?

A

Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government

33
Q

What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?

A
  • Only describes the process of economic change and growth
  • does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
34
Q

What is the dependency theory?

A

The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress

35
Q

What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?

A
  • NCIs have broken free and developed

- the theory is static

36
Q

What is the worlds systems theory?

A

Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers

37
Q

How is China rising in power?

A
  • huge Human Resources
  • economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down
  • increasingly engages with other parts of the world
  • has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
38
Q

What is neo-colonialism

A

Indirect form of control that means newly independent countries were no LG actually masters of their own destiny

39
Q

Give a reason why neo-colonialism happens

A
  1. War and conflict in many countries has prevented investemebt and delvopment
    E.g. Congo and Vietnam
  2. Corruption is common in many countries - money meant for investment and development is creamed off by the rich elites
    E.g. Nigerian president accused of $20 billion oil fraud
  3. Many NICs have started to develop
40
Q

What is the modernisation theory?

A

Economic development only begins when certain pre conditions are met - modern infrastructure education banking and effective government

41
Q

What are some criticisms of the modernisation theory?

A
  • Only describes the process of economic change and growth
  • does not help us to understand how sMe countries gain the political and cultural aspects of power needed to be a superpower
42
Q

What is the dependency theory?

A

The relationship between developed and developing countries is one of the dependency this prevents developing countries from making economic progress

43
Q

What are some criticisms of the dependency theory?

A
  • NCIs have broken free and developed

- the theory is static

44
Q

What is the worlds systems theory?

A

Global system of core semi periphery and periphery nations. The semi periphery countries are the emerging economies some of which are emerging superpowers

45
Q

How is China rising in power?

A
  • huge Human Resources
  • economy has grown massively since 1990 and shows few signs of slowing down
  • increasingly engages with other parts of the world
  • has military ambitions to build the blue water navy
46
Q

What will happen to emerging powers in the future?

A
  • demand more say in global organisations
  • more influence over global financial decision making
  • play a greater role in international peace keeping missions

Geography a level (17 decks)

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