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geography a level > Coasts EQ3 > Flashcards

Coasts EQ3 Flashcards

how do coastal erosion and sea level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks

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1
Q

name a reason why sea levels are rising?

A

thermal expansion/melting ice caps and glaciers

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2
Q

what is the case study for sea levels rising?

A

Kiribati

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3
Q

where is Kiribati located?

A

middle of the pacific ocean

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4
Q

What’s the problem in Kiribati?

A

sea level is rising by 1.2cm a year

low - lying islands

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5
Q

what is the future for Kiribati?

A

most of its islands could disappear in 50 years

migration with dignity policy to allow people to apply for jobs in neighbouring countries

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6
Q

what is Kiribati used for currently?

A

agriculture and fish farming projects

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7
Q

what are the 3 ways to change the sea level in the long run?

A

eustatic , isostatic , tectonic

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8
Q

what is eustatic sea level change?

A

when the sea level rises or falls as a global event

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9
Q

how does eustatic sea level change work?

A
  1. cold glacial periods, precipitation falls as snow
  2. forms huge ice sheets that store water normally held in the oceans
  3. sea levels fall
  4. at the end of the periods temperature increases and the ice sheets being to melt
  5. sea levels rise again
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10
Q

what is isostatic sea level change?

A

when land rises or falls relative to the sea as a local event

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11
Q

how does isostatic seal level change work?

A
  1. in glacial periods ice sheets make the land sink
  2. the ice begins to melt at the end of the period
  3. reduce ice causes the land to readjust and rise
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12
Q

what is a submergent coastline?

A

the results of sea level rise or isostatic sinking

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13
Q

name 2 features of a submergent coastline..

A

any from:

  • a ria
  • a fjord
  • a fjard
  • dalmation coast
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14
Q

what is a ria?

A

sheltered winding inlets with irregular shorelines

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15
Q

how do rais form?

A

when valleys in a dissected upland area are flooded, it provides a natural harbour with the deepest water at its mouth

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16
Q

where is there and example of a ria?

A

south-west England

kings-bridge estuary - Devon

17
Q

what is a fjord?

A

long -steep sided glacial toughs

18
Q

how do fjords form?

A

glacial toughs are flooded by a rise in sea level, they are much deeper inland which are long and steep sided with a U shaped cross - section and hanging valleys

19
Q

where is there an example of a fjord?

A

Norway, New Zealand, Chile

20
Q

what is a fjard?

A

a flooded inlet with a low rocky bank on either side

21
Q

how to fjards form?

A

formed by a post - glacial drowning of glaciated lowland rocky terrain

22
Q

where is there an example of a fjard?

A

Gulf of Finland, western Scotland

23
Q

what is a dalmation coast?

A

river flows almost parallel to the coast rather then right-angles

24
Q

where is an example of a dalmation coast?

A

Croatia

25
Q

what is an emergent coastline?

A

a result of isostatic rebound

26
Q

what are the two features of a emergent coastline?

A
  • raised beaches

- fossil cliffs

27
Q

what is a raised beach?

A

beaches raised above the present sea level

28
Q

how to raised beaches form?

A

land rising as a result of isostatic recovery and caused shoreline platforms and beaches to rise

29
Q

where is an example of a raised beach?

A

West coast of scotland

isle of arran

30
Q

what is a fossil cliff?

A

remains of eroded cliff lines

31
Q

how do fossil cliffs form?

A

marine erosion

32
Q

where is an example of a fossil cliff?

A

west coast of scotland

33
Q

where is an example of coastal erosion and defence?

A

the Holderness coastline

34
Q

where is the holderness coast located?

A

stretch of coat in the North-East of the UK with the north sea to the east

35
Q

how much of holderness coast has been lost already?

A

4km

36
Q

what are the 4 reasons why coastal erosion is such an issue?

A

geology, fetch, longshore drift, subaerial processes

geography a level (17 decks)

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