Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutrition 207 > Water,electrolytes and Hypertension > Flashcards

Water,electrolytes and Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of water ( 8 points)

A
  • Nutrient absorption and transport
  • Biochemical reactions
  • Solvent
  • Lubricant( in joints,eyes)
  • Shock absorber ( pregnancy, baby in the fluid)
  • Temperature regulation ( sweating)
  • Blood volume( not enough influences blood pressure)
  • Excretion of waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Electrolytes: examples and 3 functions, definition

A

Anions and cations that allow the electrical impulse to pass. Na, K,Mg,Ca

  • Fluid compartments and balance
  • Acid/base balance
  • Muscle contraction
  • Conduction of nerve impulse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Requirements for water

A

1 to 1.5 mL/kcal/energy expenditure

2.2 L for women and 3 L for men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Increased intake of water for

A
  • Pregnant, lactating women
  • Diarrhea,vomiting
  • Fever( because you are sweating)
  • Heavy exercise
  • Elderly
  • Air travel
  • Hot environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When we are thirsty , does it mean that we are starting to be dehydrated?

A

No, we are already

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do we need to drink 8 cups of water?

A

No, it is a myth. We get water from food as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the volume of obligatory urine excretion

A

500 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water sources

A

Beverages, food, metabolism ( TCA cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Water losses

A

Urine,sweat,breath,feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the correlation between water sources and water losses

A

They are equal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of fluids around the cell

A

Intracellular
Intercellular/interstitial
Extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the overall charge between intracellular and extracellular fluid

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What anions and cations in the cell and outside of the cell

A

Outside - Na,Cl

Inside-K,Phosphate ,Mg,S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does sodium do ?

A
  • Blood volume regulation

- Na K ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens with high and low concentrations of K?

A
  • High blood concentrations ( heart attack)
  • Deficiency( losses-vomiting and diarrhea, diuretics-for hypertension) - bot absorbing water in the colon or in the kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much fluid is secreted and reabsorbed in GI tract

A

8-10 L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Losses of water

A
  • Sweating,bleeding,GI loss( vomiting, diarrhea)]

- Diabetes- lose glucose and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the replacement for water and the target population

A

When vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged flu
Also called oral rehydration therapy
Sugar , salt and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How the kidney works

A

Glomerrus, tubuls, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens as the response to low blood pressure and low blood volume?

A

Receptors in kidneys detect that———>Renin in kidneys—-> Renin converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I——> Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II————>Retains Na and water , constricts blood vessels—-> increase blood pressure

Angiotensin II——>antidiuretic hormone(ADH )—-> retains water( and thereby reabsorption of Na and excretion of K)—–> higher blood pressure

Angiotensin II——>Aldosterone—-> Retains sodium, excretes potassium( retains water)—–> higher blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thirst and satiety are sensed by

A

Mouth,hypothalamus and nerves. You can be thirsty, but you will think you are hungry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Water intoxication

A

When you drink 10 L in 2 or 3 hours. Na level drops—>causes the water to go into cell balance the difference in concentrations ( can explode)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs of dehydration

A
  • The first signs already when we lost 1% of the body weight.
    -Thirst ,fatigue, low concentration, dry mouth, sleepiness,loss of balance
    5-10% loss of body weight- extreme signs
24
Q

What color of urine we want to have

A

Light yellow,pale straw

25
AI for water
8-12 cups ( 2-3 liters) a day | But varies from person to person
26
Do coffee and tea counts as water sources/beverages?
Yes
27
Health effects if you follow water recommendations
Physical and mental performance | Proper function of kidneys,heart, GI tract, and other symptoms
28
Recommended Electrolyte intake (Na,K)+UL
Na AI- 1500 mg/day UL-2300 mg/day K AI-4700 mg/day UL-none
29
Do people consume enough Na and K
Average Canadian intake for salt is 2800 mg/day | K- people consume less than a half of recommendation
30
Where we can find potassium?
Squash,Artishoke, Tomato juice, brocolli,Strawberries, Milk
31
Have we made a progress in decreasing the consumption of Sodium?
yes, since 2010 by 8%
32
What gender consume more sodium and why?
Men take more, because they eat more fast-food
33
Roles of potassium in the body
- Helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance - Helps maintain cell integrity - Aids in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
34
What happens to Na and K content in food through processing?
K goes down, Na goes up
35
Magnesium: storage
More than half in bones
36
Mg:5 Roles
- Maintains bone health - Energy metabolism and ATP production - Inhibits muscle contraction and blood clotting - Blood pressure -dietary intake protective - Supports normal function of immune system
37
UL for Mg
It is not for foods , but for supplements- 350 mg/day
38
Is Mg deficiency widespread?
No, very rare, but often inadequate intake
39
The best food sources for Mg
Spinach, pumkin seeds,cereal,broccoli ,tomato,tofu, halibut
40
The widespread of hypertension
1 in 4 Canadians have HTN
41
Physiological factors affecting blood pressure
- Cardiac output( contractions in heart muscle,pumping blood) - Peripheral resistance (Diameters of arterioles ) - Nervous system - Hormones( kidneys)
42
Normal blood pressure
120/80
43
What do numbers 120/80 in BP mean
120-systolic, the pressure when the heart contracts | 80-diastolic, when the ventricles relax
44
How HTN influence your body?
- Stroke, memory loss - Heart attack - Kidney damage - Impaired vision - Decreased sexual ability
45
Are there any symptoms for HBP
No
46
Modifiable Risk factors for HTN( 5)
- Smoking, second-hand smoking - Weight - Physical inactivity/low fitness - Unhealthy diet ( high Na, high saturated fat, not enough K) - Stress
47
Relatively fixed HTN risks
- Genetics - Ethnicity (african , southeast asia) - Increased age - Male sex - Psychosocial
48
Diseases that increase risk of HTN
- Heart disease-dyslipidemia - Diabetes - Kidney disease( number one cause is HBP) - Sleep apnea - Obesity
49
Treatment for hypertension
- DASH diet - Salt/sodium intake - Physical activity - Weight control - Stress management - Medications
50
Dietary Approaches to stop hypertension (DASH): characteristics
- Rich in vegetables and fruits - Provides around 30% of its calories from fat ( nuts,fish,whole grain,low-far dairy) - Emphasizes vegetarian protein sources, less sugar - Restricts Na together with an increase in K
51
DASH diet vs Normal American Diet
DASH diet provides more fibre, K,Mg,Ca---->lower blood pressure Less red meat and sweet foods/beverages
52
How does DASH helps
- Lower blood pressure - Prevents/reduces hypertension when combined with a low sodium diet - Lowers cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and cancer risk
53
Most of the sodium we take in comes from
Processed food( 77%)
54
Functions of Salt and Sodium-containing additives to food
- Microbial food preservation - Texture, flavor,color - Control fermentation in bread and cheese
55
What food contributes the most tot he sodium intake
Baked goods
56
Do we want to become salt free?
No, we need Na

Nutrition 207 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions