Micronutrients and Health issues Flashcards
What vitamins and minerals do?
They are part of coenzymes and cofactors that help to metabolize macronutrients and to use them
Are micronutrients caloric?
No
In what amounts we need micronutrients
Milligrams or micrograms
Why do we need them?
Because they are not synthesized in our body in sufficient amounts
What happens if micronutrients are withdrawn from the diet?
Deficiency
Bioavailability is
How it is available from the food to our body, what part of nutrients are absorbed
Minerals are organic/inorganic?
inorganic
Do minerals change in our body?
No, we take iron, we excrete iron
Magnesium is important to
Stabilize DNA
Two classes of minerals?
Major and trace minerals
What is the largest mineral present in our body by mass?
Calcium
Vitamins organic/inorganic?
Organic
Do vitamins give calories to our body?
No
Water soluble and fat soluble vitamins
Water: B and C
Fat:A,D,E,K
The difference between water and fat soluble vitamins
Water soluble are transported through the blood, are not stored, travel freely
Fat soluble are transported through the lymph, stored, many require transport proteins
Is it easier to get toxicity from water or fat soluble vitamins and why?
Fat, because water soluble vitamins are tend to be excreted through urine, when fat soluble are more likely to be stored
When usually people get toxic from vitamins?
When they consume supplements
How frequent do you need fat and water soluble vitamins?
Water as not stored more frequently, compared to fat soluble ( once a week/month)
Major minerals list
Ca,P,Mg,K,S,Na,Cl
Trace minerals list
Fe,Zn,Cu, Mn,I,Cr,Se,F
Major minerals are like _____ in transport/absorption, when minor minerals are like___
Water soluble vitamins, fat soluble vitamics
How trace and major minerals are excreted and in what doses we need them?
Frequent doses( 1 to 3 days), detected by the kidney and excess is excreted
How major minerals stored?
Stored in structural components
(e.g., bone) and water-filled compartments
of the body
How trace minerals are stored?
Stored in various tissues,
including liver, kidneys, thyroid
gland, bone, teeth
Does balance plate include recommendations for the minerals and vitamins?
Yes
What is the serving size for meat?
75 g or a palm of the hand
Vitamin B group names and number
B1-thiamin B3-niacin B2-riboflavin B5-Pantothenic acid B6-pyrodoxine B12 B9-folate
Functions of vitamin b complex
B 1,2,3,5,6- mostly coenzymes for energy metabolism
B 12 and B9- blood
Coenzymes function
Help the enzymes function faster, help the substrate suite the active site
Pallegra: causes and 4 D’s
Not enough vitamin B3(niacin) because mostly consuming corn diet
Diarrhea,Dermatitis,Dementia,Death
Mictonutrients function in general ( 4 points)
- Intermediary metabolism
- Hormonal function
- Antioxidant function
- Electrolytes
