Micronutrients and Health issues Flashcards

1
Q

What vitamins and minerals do?

A

They are part of coenzymes and cofactors that help to metabolize macronutrients and to use them

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2
Q

Are micronutrients caloric?

A

No

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3
Q

In what amounts we need micronutrients

A

Milligrams or micrograms

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4
Q

Why do we need them?

A

Because they are not synthesized in our body in sufficient amounts

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5
Q

What happens if micronutrients are withdrawn from the diet?

A

Deficiency

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6
Q

Bioavailability is

A

How it is available from the food to our body, what part of nutrients are absorbed

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7
Q

Minerals are organic/inorganic?

A

inorganic

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8
Q

Do minerals change in our body?

A

No, we take iron, we excrete iron

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9
Q

Magnesium is important to

A

Stabilize DNA

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10
Q

Two classes of minerals?

A

Major and trace minerals

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11
Q

What is the largest mineral present in our body by mass?

A

Calcium

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12
Q

Vitamins organic/inorganic?

A

Organic

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13
Q

Do vitamins give calories to our body?

A

No

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14
Q

Water soluble and fat soluble vitamins

A

Water: B and C
Fat:A,D,E,K

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15
Q

The difference between water and fat soluble vitamins

A

Water soluble are transported through the blood, are not stored, travel freely
Fat soluble are transported through the lymph, stored, many require transport proteins

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16
Q

Is it easier to get toxicity from water or fat soluble vitamins and why?

A

Fat, because water soluble vitamins are tend to be excreted through urine, when fat soluble are more likely to be stored

17
Q

When usually people get toxic from vitamins?

A

When they consume supplements

18
Q

How frequent do you need fat and water soluble vitamins?

A

Water as not stored more frequently, compared to fat soluble ( once a week/month)

19
Q

Major minerals list

A

Ca,P,Mg,K,S,Na,Cl

20
Q

Trace minerals list

A

Fe,Zn,Cu, Mn,I,Cr,Se,F

21
Q

Major minerals are like _____ in transport/absorption, when minor minerals are like___

A

Water soluble vitamins, fat soluble vitamics

22
Q

How trace and major minerals are excreted and in what doses we need them?

A

Frequent doses( 1 to 3 days), detected by the kidney and excess is excreted

23
Q

How major minerals stored?

A

Stored in structural components
(e.g., bone) and water-filled compartments
of the body

24
Q

How trace minerals are stored?

A

Stored in various tissues,
including liver, kidneys, thyroid
gland, bone, teeth

25
Does balance plate include recommendations for the minerals and vitamins?
Yes
26
What is the serving size for meat?
75 g or a palm of the hand
27
Vitamin B group names and number
``` B1-thiamin B3-niacin B2-riboflavin B5-Pantothenic acid B6-pyrodoxine B12 B9-folate ```
28
Functions of vitamin b complex
B 1,2,3,5,6- mostly coenzymes for energy metabolism | B 12 and B9- blood
29
Coenzymes function
Help the enzymes function faster, help the substrate suite the active site
30
Pallegra: causes and 4 D's
Not enough vitamin B3(niacin) because mostly consuming corn diet Diarrhea,Dermatitis,Dementia,Death
31
Mictonutrients function in general ( 4 points)
- Intermediary metabolism - Hormonal function - Antioxidant function - Electrolytes