Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Differentiate pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Pulmonary: blood cycle to the lungs Systemic: blood cycle around the body
Differentiate arteries and veins
Arteries: oxygenated, blood from the heart
Veins: deoxygenated, blood from body
What is the name of the artery that brings blood from the ride ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation
Pulmonary artery
The compartments of the heart
Two Ventricles and two atrium
Where does the blood from the GI tract go? How?
To the liver through the hepatic portal vein
Where are water soluble lipids absorbed?
Bloodstream
Where are non water soluble taken to?
Lymphatic system
Why do we have lymphatic system?
We do not want concentrated hydrophobic particles in the blood from GI tract, because there is a little flow of blood and we do not want the liver to give concentrated fat
What is the structure of hepatic portal vein
It has thin walls for better exchange
What does the blood going to the liver have?
Water soluble nutrients , such as glucose, amino acids,vitamins,minerals, water soluble lipids( short and medium fatty acids),glycerol
What liver do with the blood that goes through it?
It picks up nutrients for its own need first, can digest some of the nutrients, the rest goes back to the circulatory system
How does liver receive blood in the body?
From hepatic portal vein from GI tract and from Hepatic artery from the heart
How does blood circulate in the body?
1) Blood leaves right ventricle and through the pulmonary artery goes to the lungs for oxygenation
2) From the lungs through the pulmonary vein oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart
3) From the left ventricle by the way of aorta blood is launched into the body or in the head
4) returns back to the right atrium
Where do all the veins( hepatic vein, vein from the head) and lymph system connect?
Thoracic duct in the chest
What does the turn two-loop system mean?
That we have pulmonary and circulatory circles
Where is the highest blood pressure?
Blood out of the aorta
What does the lymph from the GI tract transport?
Transports fat and fat-soluble vitamins to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels
The difference in structure between arteries and veins
Veins-low pressure, walls are thin
Arteries-thick muscle wall,elastic to accommodate high pressure , smooth lining inside
Lymphatic nodes
Part of the lymph system with lots of immune cells
What are the CO2/O2 exchanges in the lungs? Tissues?
Lungs: blood gives up CO2 and accepts O2 from air sacs of the lungs Tissues: opposite
What allows oxygen and CO2 exchange?
Thin epithelial walls of capillaries
What is the functional unit of the lungs?
Alveolis
What is the major chronic disease influenced by nutrition?
Atherosclerosis
Describe how atherosclerosis forms.
Lipid particles squeezing in arterial walls and staying there, being attacked by immune system –> inflammation –> becomes hard, not elasctic
Where does atherosclerosis form?
ONLY arteries
Describe the 3 damages of atherosclerosis.
1) Narrows the lumen 2) Walls aren’t elastic - RIGID 3) Walls aren’t smooth - ROUGH
What is peripheral artery disease?
clot breaks away and gets caught in a smaller artery( for example, in the leg)
What diseases dies atheroclerosis stimulate?
Coronary heart disease
Peripheral Artery disease
What causes heart attacks and strokes?
Cells getting caught in rough arteries, forming a clot Heart: Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Brain: stroke
Which arteries are prone to getting blocked?
Coronary arteries
What medical interventions can be done to solve the problem of blocked artery?
Artery stent-ambulatory procedure
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG)- massive, superlong,severe
Name some non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Men > Women
Men older than 45, Women older than 55
Family history of heart disease
What is the difficulty with women and heart disease
It is harder to diagnose, not evident symptoms
Name some modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Smoking, stress, sedentary behaviour, diet, visceral obesity, hypertension, diabetes
Define metabolic syndrome.
Any three factors will increase the risk of atherosclerosis.
Give examples of metabolic syndrome factors.
Abdominal obesity(visceral fat), high triglyceride, low HDL, blood pressure, fasting glucose
What are the population recommendations for chronic disease?
Dietary Guidelines, screening tests
What are the individuals recommendations for chronic disease?
Urge dietary changes
What are each individuals recommendations for chronic disease?
Genomics may allow for individual nutritional recommendations
Aorta->arteries->
arterioles->capillaries
