Water and electrolyte balance Flashcards
How much body fluid is intracellular ICF?
2/3 (inside the cell)
How much body fluid is extracellular ECF?
1/3 (outside the cell)
What is intercellular or interstitial?
between cells
What is intravascular?
within the blood and lymphatic vessels
What are some electrolytes?
- sodium
- potassium
- magnesium
- calcium
- chloride
- phosphate
What are cations?
positive charged electrolytes
sodium, potassium
What are anions?
negatively charged electrolytes
chloride and phosphate
What electrolytes are predominant in intracellular fluid?
potassium and phosphate
What electrolytes are predominant in extracellular fluid?
sodium and chloride
What are roles of electrolytes?
- Action potential
- nerve impulse transmission
- muscle contraction
- regulate fluid balance by maintaining the appropriate distribution of body fluids
- regulates acidity in body fluids
Loss of water through excretion?
60%
Loss of water through sweat?
30%
loss of water through lungs
10%
How much water is expended by adults a day?
1.0-1.5ml/kcal
How much water is needed for adults?
2.4L/day
Body must excrete how much mL each day as urine?
500ML
What is the central to fluid maintenance?
Kidney
What functional unit is a nephron?
Kidney
What is ADH?
Antidiuretic hormone
- Response to high electrolyte
concentration in blood (e.g.
sodium due to dehydration) or to
low blood volume or blood
pressure (sensed by hypothalamus)
What hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland?
ADH
What triggers kidneys to reabsorb water and increases blood volume and BP?
ADH
What is renin?
Reponse to LBP
- secreated by the kidney
What is angiotensin I/II?
I: plasma protein activated by renin
II: secretion of aldosterone and increases blood pressure
What is aldosterone?
secreted by the adrenal glands
- triggers the kidney to reabsorb more sodium and chloride and retains water and increase blood volume and pressure.
What electrolyte maintains fluid balance through osmosis?
Sodium
What is osmosis?
process where water moves through the wall of a cell membrane from a dilute solution (more water and fewer electrolytes) toward a more concentrated solution (less
water and more electrolytes)
What plays a primary role in maintaining acid-base balance?
kidney
What is the primary cation regulator of extracellular volume?
Sodium
What is the AI and UL for sodium?
AI: 1500mg/day
UL: 2300 mg/day (1 teaspoon of salt)
What happens when you don’t consume enough sodium?
Hyponatremia
What happens when you have too much sodium
hypernatremia
What is DASH?
Dietary approaches to sop hypertension to reduce sodium
What is chloride?
primary anion (negative ion) regulator of
extracellular volume
- moves freely to the intracellular space
- Salt
What is potassium?
- primary cation regulator of intracellular volume
- Major role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte
balance
What is the AI of potassium?
4700mg/day
- fruits and veggies
What is the balance ratio between sodium and potassium?
3:1
What is phosphorus?
-body’s second most abundant mineral
- primary anion regulator of intracellular volume
- bone and teeth formation
- key role of energy metabolism
animal protein is best source of phosphorus
