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HLSC 2P91 > Oxidative protection > Flashcards

Oxidative protection Flashcards

1
Q

What are free radicals?

A

any molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons

  • chemically reactive and highly unstable
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2
Q

Free radicals lead to what?

A
  1. cell damage
  2. cell death
  3. fatigue
  4. accelerated aging
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3
Q

What are sources of free radicals?

A
  1. endogenous ( metabolism)
  2. Exogenous (pollution, smoking)
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4
Q

What is superoxide?

A

precursor of most other reactive O2 species

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5
Q

How does O2 become superoxide?

A

O2 accepts a single electron during metabolism

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6
Q

What is oxidative stress?

A

imbalance between production of reactive species and antioxidant defense activity

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7
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

A substance in food that significantly decreases the adverse effects or reactive species on normal physiological function

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8
Q

What do antioxidants donate to stabalize free radical?

A

electron

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9
Q

What is Vitamin E?

A
  • Lipid soluble
  • Antioxidant
  • Protects other substances from oxidation by being oxidized itself
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10
Q

What are good sources of Vitamin E?

A

– vegetable oils
– margarine
– nuts (e.g. almonds) and seeds
(e.g. sunflower seeds)
– whole grain products
– green and leafy vegetables

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11
Q

What is Vitamin C?

A
  • Water soluble
  • antioxidant
  • protects water-soluble substances and some fat-soluble compounds (e.g. Vitamins A and E)
    from oxidation by being oxidized itself
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12
Q

What vitamin can regenerate oxidized molecules to their original active forms?

A

Vitamin C

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13
Q

What are good sources of Vitamin C?

A

citrus fruits, red peppers, strawberries,
broccoli etc

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14
Q

What is Vitamin A?

A
  • Lipid soluble
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15
Q

How many type of Vitamin A are there?

A
  1. Retinol
  2. Retinal
  3. Retinoic acid
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16
Q

What is a plant-derived Vitamin A precursor?

A

Beta-carotene

17
Q

What is beta-carotene?

A

Extremely effective antioxidant

deep orange pigments and dark green veggies

18
Q

Minerals acts as what to enzymes?

A

cofactors that convert free radical to less damaging substances

19
Q

What is superoxide dismutase?

A

Enzyme which converts free radical (superoxide, O2) to O2 and hydrogen peroxide

20
Q

How many forms of superoxide dismutase are there?

A
  1. maganese
  2. copper and zinc
21
Q

What is catalase?

A

Protect the cell from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide

22
Q

What does catalase contain?

A

four heme (iron) rings which pull electrons away from water bonds, causing it to disassociate

23
Q

What are iron sufficent foods?

A

red meats, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs,
legumes, dried fruit

24
Q

What is selenium?

A

works as part of
glutathione peroxidase
enzyme which converts
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

25
Q

What are significant sources of selenium?

A

seafoods, meats, whole
grains and vegetables

HLSC 2P91 (18 decks)

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