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HLSC 2P91 > Need to study > Flashcards

Need to study Flashcards

1
Q

Saturation

A

Max number of H atoms without a carbon double bond

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2
Q

SFA

A

Does not have double bonds between the long hydrocarbon chain

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3
Q

Unsaturated

A

addition of a double bond between the long hydrocarbon chain where 2 hydrogen atoms are missing

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4
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

When there is more than 4 hydrogen atoms missing

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5
Q

Lingual lipase

A

-breaks down fat in mouth
- breaks down lipids

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6
Q

Gastric lipase

A

Hydrolysis a small amount of fat

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7
Q

What breaks down emulsified fat

A

pancreatic and intestinal lipase

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8
Q

Albumin

A

carried short/medium chained fatty acids to the liver by portal vein

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9
Q

Chylomicrons

A

transports lipid from intestinal cells into the body

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10
Q

VLDL

A

-transport lipids to adipose and muscle tissue
- made up of triglycerides

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11
Q

LDL

A

carry cholesterol from the liver to the body
- made up of cholesterol

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12
Q

HDL

A

transport cholesterol back into the liver
- made up of protein

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13
Q

3 functions of sterols

A
  1. emulsify fat
  2. chemical messenger
  3. bone metabolism
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14
Q

GIP

A

produced by duodenum
- inhibits gastric motility and secretion of acid

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15
Q

Secretin

A

hormone produced by the duodenum when stomach acid is below pH 4.5

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16
Q

Gastrin

A

Hormone produced by G cells
promotes the release of HCL and controls the release of pepsin

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17
Q

CCK

A

hormone produced by the duodenum

stimulates the release of digestive enzymes due to lipid-rich chyme

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18
Q

Digestion of carbs in the pancreas

A

pancreatic amylase

breaks down starch into small poly and maltose

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19
Q

Insulin

A

beta cells from the pancreas to break down glucose in blood

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20
Q

Glucogenesis

A

production of glucose from amino acids in the liver

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21
Q

Glucagon

A

production of alpha cells in the pancreas

stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

22
Q

Transamination

A

transfers amine group from one amino acid to a new amino acid and a keto acid

23
Q

What denatures proteins

A

HCL

24
Q

Pepsin

A

cleaves proteins into smaller peptides

25
Q

What breaks down polypeptides

A

pancreatic and intestinal protease

26
Q

Renin

A

produced by the liver to regulate BP

27
Q

Glycolysis

A

glucose converted to pyruvate

28
Q

Deamination

A

removal of amine group from amino acids to form keto

29
Q

Transamination

A

amino group is transferred to keto to create new amino and keto

30
Q

Precursor of FAD

A

Riboflavin

31
Q

Precursor of NAD and NADP

A

niacin

32
Q

Precursor of biosynthesis for coenzyme A

A

pantothenic acid

33
Q

Superoxide

A

precursor of reactive O2 species

34
Q

How does O2 become a superoxide

A

O2 accepts a single electron during metabolism

35
Q
A
36
Q

Oxidative stress

A

imbalances between production of reactive species and antioxidant defense

37
Q

What protects substances from being oxidized by being oxidized itself

A

Vitamin E and C

38
Q

Superoxide dismutase

A

converts free radical to O2 and hydrogen peroxide

39
Q

Catalase

A

protect the cell from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide

40
Q

What is catalase made up of

A

4 heme rings that pull
electrons away from water bonds

41
Q

Converts hydrogen peroxide into water and O2

A

selenium

42
Q

Cations

A

sodium and potassium

43
Q

Anions

A

chloride and phosphate

44
Q

What is predominant in intracellular fluid

A

potassium and phosphate

45
Q

Predominant in extracellular fluid

A

sodium and chloride

46
Q

What is ADH

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland due to high electrolyte concentration in the blood

47
Q

Angio I

A

plasma protein activated by renin

48
Q

Angio II

A

secretion of aldosterone

  • increases BP
49
Q

Aldosterone

A

secreted by adrenal glands

  • triggers kidneys to reabsorb more sodium and chloride
50
Q

Helpcidin

A

hormone to regulate iron balance
- secreted by the liver

51
Q

Iron absorption inhibiting factors

A

phylates
oxalates

52
Q

Ghlerin

A

Protein/hormone that stimulates appetite

HLSC 2P91 (18 decks)

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