Water Flashcards
How many features does water have?
8 features
What is the precondition/ optimization cur off for water?
A W N L F C M
12 34 45 56 65 76 88
More than ___ of the human body is comprised of water.
2/3
The institute of medicine recommends that women consume ___ litres of water, daily, and men consume ___ litres of water, daily.
Women: 2.7 litres
Men: 3.7 litres
___ and ___ are common disinfectants that can lead to the disinfectant byproducts ___, ___ and ___ which can cause ___.
Trihalomethanes (THM’s), Haloacetic Acids (HAA’s) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) which can cause cancer.
The quality of the US Surface water relies largely on the ___ of ___.
Clean Water Act of 1974
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality, requires performance tests for total ___ and ___. These 2 measures serve as indicators for the possible presence of many other harmful contaminants.
Total Coliform bacteria and turnbidity
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality, Part 1: Sediment, requires that all water being delivered to the project area except water not designated for human contact meets the following criteria for turbidity:
Turbidity of the water sample must be < 1.0 NTU
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality, Part 2: Microorganisms, require that all water being delivered to the project area except water not designated for human consumption meets the following criteria for Total Coliforms:
Total Coliforms (including E. coli) are not detected in sample
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality Key Fact:
Removing ___ may also remove harmful pathogens such as ___.
Removing turbidity may also remove harmful pathogens such as protozoa.
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality Key Fact:
The presence of ___ suggests that the water may contain more dangerous pathogens, including: ___, ___, and ___. Exposure to these pathogens can lead to ___ such as___, ___, ___, and ___.
The presence of coliforms suggests that the water may contain more dangerous pathogens, including: bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Exposure to these pathogens can lead to adverse gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and cramps.
Feature 31: Inorganic Contaminants, Part 1: Dissolved Metals, sets limits on the following (6) dissolved metals:
- Lead
- Mercury
- Antimony
- Arsenic
- Copper
- Nickel
Feature 30: Inorganic Contaminants, Part 1: Dissolved Metals Key Fact:
Mitigation Strategies for removing dissolved metals are either the ___ system or ___ filters.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) system or Kinetic Degradation Fluxion (KDF) Filters
Feature 30: Inorganic Contaminants, Part 1: Dissolved Metals Key Fact:
Exposure to even minute amounts of certain metals such as ___ and ___ has been linked to ___ in children as well as ___ and ___ in adults.
Exposure to even minute amounts of certain metals such as lead and mercury has been linked to developmental delays/learning disabilities in children as well as high blood pressure and kidney failure in adults.
Feature 32: Organic Contaminants, Part 1: Organic Pollutants, sets specific limits for the following (8) organic pollutants:
- Styrene
- Benzene
- Toluene
- Xylenes
- Ethylbenzene
- Tetrochloroethylene
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s)
- Vinyl Chloride
[4 ene’s, 2 ethyls, PCB & vinyl chloride]
Feature 32: Organic Contaminants, Key Facts:
Feature 32 sets ___ limits for organic contaminants. ___ filters are effective in removing these and other harmful chemical substances.
Feature 32 sets maximum limits for organic contaminants. Activated carbon filters are effective in removing these and other harmful chemical substances.
