By the numbers Flashcards
___ contributes to about 50,000 premature deaths in the United States and approximately 7 million premature deaths worldwide, making it the largest global environmental health risk.
Air Pollution
___ often accounts for more than 500 calories in a person’s daily diet, contributing greatly to the global obesity pandemic.
Sugar
Typically, an ambient light level of ___ lux is sufficient for most tasks.
300
An average adult obtains only ___ minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity a day.
6 to 10
Sitting burns ___ fewer calories per hour than standing.
50
Up to ___% of asthmatic people who live in cities or other urban environments have reactions to cockroach allergens.
60%
The affinity for ___ to bind to the hemoglobin of red blood cells is 210 times stronger than that of oxygen.
Carbon Monoxide
In the 1990s, a U.S. Geological Survey detected ___ in virtually every stream in agricultural, urban, and mixed-use areas, as well as in 30% to 60% of the groundwater.
Pesticide Compounds
In 2010, nearly 7% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide resulted from ___.
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Obesity is considered a global pandemic since more than ___ adults worldwide were considered overweight in 2014, and nearly 600 million of those adults were obese.
1.9 billion
___ affect nearly 16 million adults in the United States, causing sleep troubles, difficulty concentrating, loss of energy and appetite, low self-esteem, hopelessness, and physical pain.
Major Depressive Disorders
The Institute of Medicine (now called the Health and Medicine Division) reports that approximately ___ adults in the United States suffer from a chronic sleep or wakefulness disorder.
50 to 70 million
For a quarter of the U.S. population, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) account for ___ calories consumed daily.
200 calories
___, one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, affects about 31 million Americans at any given time.
Low Back Pain
Lack of physical activity can increase the odds of having a stroke by 20% to 30% and shave off ___ years of life.
3 to 5 years
Life expectancy for individuals with a mental illness is more than ___ years shorter than for those without a mental illness.
10 years
A person breathes on average more than 15,000 L of air every ___.
day
The Institute of Medicine (now called the Health and Medicine Division) recommends that women consume about 2.7 L (91 oz) of ___ per day and that men consume 3.7 L (125 oz) per day.
water
Even though smoking tobacco causes at least ___ premature deaths per year in the United States alone, at least 42 million U.S. adults (more than billion worldwide) are smokers.
400,000
Air pollution contributes to ______ premature deaths annually in the US and approximately _____ premature deaths worldwide.
50,000 U.S.
7 million Globally
Around the world in 2010, ___ cost nearly 184 million disability-adjusted life years, 8.6 million years of life lost to premature mortality, and over 175 million years lived with a disability.
Mental illness and substance abuse
The human body’s core temperature range has a narrow range of ___, which is regulated by a portion of the brain called the hypothalamus.
97 - 100 degrees Fahrenheit
In the United States alone, ___ account for 48 million people getting sick with 128,000 hospitalizations and 3000 deaths.
Foodborne Illnesses
The average person in the United States consumed nearly ___ calories per day in 2010 versus about 2100 calories per day in 1970.
2600 calories
It is recommended that all healthy adults engage in at least ___ of moderate-intensity aerobic activity 5 days per week and muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days per week.
30 minutes
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that almost ___ people lack access to safe drinking water worldwide and that 2 million annual deaths can be attributed to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene.
1 billion
Carbon monoxide from nonvehicle sources such as fuel-burning appliances and engine-powered equipment is responsible for an estimated ___ deaths per year in the United States.
170 deaths
In 2013, nearly ___ days of work were missed in the United States (one-third of all days missed from work) due to musculoskeletal disorders.
380,600 days
A person who is a tobacco smoker has a life expectancy that is ___ years less than a nonsmoker.
10 years
Each year, about ___% of deaths are attributed to mental health illnesses.
14%
In the United States, only 8% of people consume the recommended four servings of fruit per day and only 6% consume the recommended ___ servings of vegetables per day.
5 servings
In one study, levels of antimony in 48 bottle water brands increased 90% after 6 months of storage due to ___.
Leaching
Over ___% of all people worldwide do not get the recommended daily 30-minute minimum of moderate-intensity physical activity.
60%
In 2006, only ___% of the office buildings surveyed in the United States provided thermal environments that met generally accepted goals of occupant satisfaction.
11%
When cigarettes are smoked, their 600 ingredients form 7000 compounds that include at least ___ known carcinogens (cancer-causing substances).
69
According to calculations using the body mass index (BMI), more than two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight, and more than ___ are obese.
1/3 are obese
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that ___ deaths worldwide are attributed to insufficient fruit and vegetable intake.
2.7 million
The chance that a person will be affected by a mood disorder, such as a major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, is estimated at nearly ___% in the United States.
21%
Just ___ of moderate-intensity physical activity per week can reduce overall mortality risk by nearly 20%.
2.5 hours
The levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an indoor environment can be ___ times higher than outdoor levels.
5 times
Even though the recommended limit for sugar intake is only 6 to 9 teaspoons per day, the average consumption in the United States is more than ___ teaspoons per day.
22 teaspoons
In the United States alone, fewer than 50% of elementary school students, 10% of adolescents, and ___% of adults obtain 30 minutes of daily physical activity.
5%
___ is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, accounting for 6% to 9% of deaths worldwide, or 3 to 5 million mortalities every year.
Physical Inactivity
U.S. agricultural and commercial industries use about ___ pounds of pesticide every year.
1 billion
Every year, about ___ people visit emergency rooms, 2000 are hospitalized, and 150 die due to allergic reactions to food.
30,000 people
The off-gassing of formaldehyde can be 1.8 to 2.6 times higher when ___ increases by 35%.
Relative Humidity
Physical inactivity is estimated to be responsible for ___% of ischemic heart disease, 27% of type 2 diabetes, and 21% to 25% of breast and colon cancer cases.
30%
How many Well Concepts are there?
7
What are the precondition cut-offs?
12-34-45-56-65-76-88
How many Features are there?
105
Body Mass Index (BMI) of ______ indicates ‘overweight’, while BMI over ____ indicates obese.
Overweight: 25-29.9 BMI
Obese: over 30 BMI
Fruit and veggie intake is associated with ___ and ___.
Increased productivity and job performance
Physical inactivity is highly prevalent worldwide, with ___% of adults failing to meet international exercise and physical activity guidelines established by the WHO.
23%
Work-related musculoskeletal disorder results in over $___ in medical and other associated costs, including loss of productivity.
$ 2.5 billion
Distracting noise can contribute up to a ___% decline in performance.
66%
How many people lack access to safe drinking water worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
One Billion
What percentage does the odds of having a stroke increase if a person is not physically active?
20-30%
How many deaths per year does the World Health Organization (WHO) attribute to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene?
- 1 million
- 2 million
- 500 million
- 1 billion
2 million
Life expectancy for individuals with a mental illness is more than ___ years shorter than for those without a mental illness.
10 years
Around the world in 2010, ___ cost nearly 184 million disability-adjusted life years, 8.6 million years of life lost to premature mortality, and over 175 million years lived with a disability.
a. mental illness and substance abuse
b. obesity and substance abuse
c. musculoskeletal disorders and mood disorders
d. obesity and lack of access to safe drinking water
a. mental illness and substance abuse
In the United States alone, ___ account for 48 million people getting sick with 128,000 hospitalizations and 3000 deaths.
a. water contaminants
b. air pollutants
c. foodborne illnesses
d. mood disorder
c. foodborne illnesses
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that almost ___ people lack access to safe drinking water worldwide and that 2 million annual deaths can be attributed to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene.
a. 1 million
b. 100 million
c. 500 million
d. 1 billion
d. 1 billion
Carbon monoxide from nonvehicle sources such as fuel-burning appliances and engine-powered equipment is responsible for an estimated ___ deaths per year in the United States.
a. 125
b. 170
c. 450
d. 1600
b. 170
In 2013, nearly ___ days of work were missed in the United States (one-third of all days missed from work) due to musculoskeletal disorders.
a. 60,000
b. 180,900
c. 245,000
d. 380,600
d. 380,600
Over ___% of all people worldwide do not get the recommended daily 30-minute minimum of moderate-intensity physical activity.
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 80
c. 60
The chance that a person will be affected by a mood disorder, such as a major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, is estimated at nearly ___% in the United States.
a. 7
b. 14
c. 21
d. 28
c. 21
In the United States alone, fewer than 50% of elementary school students, 10% of adolescents, and ___% of adults obtain 30 minutes of daily physical activity.
a. 5
b. 9
c. 15
d. 23
a. 5
___ is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, accounting for 6% to 9% of deaths worldwide, or 3 to 5 million mortalities every year.
a. substance abuse
b. air pollution
c. physical inactivity
d. mental illness
c. physical inactivity
U.S. agricultural and commercial industries use about ___ pounds of pesticide every year.
a. 1 million
b. 100 million
c. 1 billion
d. 100 billion
c. 1 billion
Every year, about ___ people visit emergency rooms, 2000 are hospitalized, and 150 die due to allergic reactions to food.
a. 8000
b. 10,000
c. 25,000
d. 30,000
d. 30,000
