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GCSE Chemistry > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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0
Q

What can cause calcium and magnesium ions to get into water?

A

The water having flowed through rocks which contained magnesium sulphate calcium sulphate four example limestone and chalk.

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1
Q

What makes water hard?

A

Calcium ions and magnesium ions.
C a T.
Mag 2.

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2
Q

What does hard water form when heated?

A

Scale.

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3
Q

What sort of water makes a better lather of soap?

A

Soft

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4
Q

What are the benefits of hard water?

A

It’s good for bones and teeth

People are less likely to have heart disease

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5
Q

What are the two types of hard water?

A

Temporary and permanent

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6
Q

What causes temporary hardness?

A

The Hydrogen carbonate ion

HCO3 minus

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7
Q

What causes permanent hardness?

A

Dissolved calcium Sulfate

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8
Q

How do you remove temporary hardness?

A

Boilin
Or washing soda
Or ion exchange columns

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9
Q

How does boiling remove temporary hardness?

A

It decomposes the calcium hydrogen carbonate and makes calcium carbonate, water and CO2

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10
Q

Does boiling get rid of permanent hardness?

A

No

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11
Q

What types of hardness can washing soda soften?

A

Both temporary and permanent.

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12
Q

What softens permanently hard water?

A

Ion exchange columns and washing soda

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13
Q

What is washing soda called?

A

Sodium carbonate

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14
Q

What is the formula for sodium carbonate?

A

Na2CO3

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15
Q

How does washing soda soften permanent hardness?

A

The added carbonate ions react with the ions and make a precipitate of either magnesium or calcium carbonates.
They’re no longer dissolved and don’t make it hard.

16
Q

What is produced when permanently hard water has soda added to it?

A

CaCO3

17
Q

What type of hardness is removed by ion exchange columns?

A

Both temporary and permanent.

18
Q

How does an ion exchange column work?

A

The columns have lots of sodium ions which are ‘exchanged’ with the calcium and magnesium ions.

19
Q

Give a method of comparing the hardness of water.

A

Titration

20
Q

What is put in the Burette in the titration of water samples?

A

Soap solution.

21
Q

What are the processes in water treatment?

A

Screens- mesh screen
Sedimentation- sticking pieces together
Filtering through gravel beds
Chlorination

22
Q

What can people buy to make their water cleaner?

A

They can buy carbon or silver filter.

23
Q

What does a carbon filter remove?

A

The chlorine taste.

24
Q

What does silver filters remove?

A

They kill bugs

25
Q

How can you make pure water?

A

Distillation

26
Q

What is distillation?

A

Boiling water to make steam and condensing it.

27
Q

Why don’t we condense most water?

A

Because it is expensive

28
Q

What are the advantages of adding Fluorine to water?

A

It helps reduce tooth decay.

29
Q

What are the problems with adding fluorine to water?

A

It can cause cancer and vibe problems
It needs to be constantly monitored
Mass medication

30
Q

Why is chlorine added to drinking water?

A

It prevents disease.

31
Q

What are the problems with chlorine in water supplies?

A

It can react with other substances and create toxins

Some studies link it to cancers

GCSE Chemistry (15 decks)

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