Water 2

Question 1

where is the vulnerable ares in terms of water shortage?

Answer 1

african sahel

Question 2

whats the ITCZ

Answer 2

inter tropical convergence zone

- coming together of 2 Hadley cells

Question 3

when was there a long term sustained drought that led to humanitarian crisis?

Answer 3

80s - Ethiopian tv report showed the unbearable suffering and deaths to the western world. led to live aid

Question 4

what is drought fuelled by?

Answer 4

natural variability - fluctuations in climate system

sahel ecosystem has been made more vulnerable to droughts due to land use change and a warming climate - desertification

Question 5

why is it hard to predict rainfall

in sahel

Answer 5

complex system

ocean, atmosphere and land use interactions make it extremely difficult to model

Question 6

how to build resilience in sahel

Answer 6

predictions - hard to do

being able to look ahead we can prevent/prepare

Question 7

what is key to helping the situation in africa

Answer 7

education - charities send books

more weather systems

Question 8

water scarcity due to glaciers

Answer 8

glacial retreat and reduction leads to water scarcity because people reliant on the outflow of water from glaciers it is reduced

Question 9

whats a fog catcher?

Answer 9

essentially a big net - catch fog in Peru and let it condense to use as water
small scale fix

Question 10

why do people do mountain painting?

Answer 10

paint mountains while - keep albedo going and keep earth cool

Question 11

what would be a revolutionary innovation to help with the problem?

Answer 11

cheaply, with little energy convert seawater to fresh water

e.g. by using suns energy

Question 12

how many tons of plastic was washed onshore in 2010

Answer 12

4-12million

Question 13

in 2014 how many bottle did each person have

Answer 13

315

Question 14

how long does it take for one bottle to degrade?

Answer 14

450years

Question 15

how did the plastic island form?

Answer 15

due to ocean currents and convergence

38million pieces of trash on one of the islands

Question 16

what % of litter comes from beverage waste?

Answer 16

14%

Question 17

where is a major sink for micro plastics?

Answer 17

the deep sea

- thus, the plastic problem is far greater than you would think/can see

Question 18

whats the annual dietary exposure of European consumers to microplastics

Answer 18

11,000 microplastics

Question 19

what % of primary microplastics come from synthetic plastics

Answer 19

35%

- when you wash a fleece as many as 250,000 synthetic fibres are released into water systems

Question 20

how many tons do rivers collectively dump into seas each year?

Answer 20

0.47-2.75 million metric tons

Question 21

why would cleaning 10 rivers help the envy?

Answer 21

93% of plastic is from just 10 rivers

Question 22

why do people still use plastic?

Answer 22

don’t have recycling or its cheaper to buy stuff in plastic

Question 23

are micro plastics in the air?

Answer 23

yes

fibrous ones are present outdoor and indoor - danger to health and they may also carry pollutants