water

Question 1

3 Types of precipitation

Answer 1

Convectional - goes up to the sun and condenses
Relief - mountains force this to go up

Question 2

What are examples of outputs

Answer 2

Evapotranspiration - water in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants then thru respiration it evaporation

Streamflow - water either leaves via evaporation or thru streams eg estuary

Question 3

Examples of flow

Answer 3

Interception - rain that doesn’t meet the soil bc plants catch it

Infiltration - water goes into soil

Throughflow - water in ground going towards river

Percolation - rain becoming ground

Question 4

Types of stores

Answer 4

Soil water
ground water - in permeable rock
river
interception
surface eg puddle

Question 5

What is the water balance formula

Answer 5

Total Runoff + Evapotranspiration +/- change in storage

Question 6

What is the water cycle effected by

Answer 6

Deforestation - less interception and less evapotranspiration

Storm Events - large levels of water enter the soil quickly saturate the ground

if over saturated causing surface run off or percolation

Seasonal chnages `

Question 7

The Yukon

Answer 7

Climate - varies across the river as it flows thru different ones

Seasons Winter = low flow
Summer = high flow bc snowmelt and rain isnt frozen

human influence little

Question 8

The Amazon

Answer 8

The climate - tropical, high temp high rain
high amounts of plants = evapotranspiration

Seasons -
Consistent rainfall
autumn to winter lower rainfall
la nina/el nino - effecting dryness/rainfall

Humans - deforestation -
dams - reduce flow

Question 9

The Murray Darling

Answer 9

Climate - sub tropical
its in a rain shadow as the surrounding mountains take up all the rain

Seasons
-wet and dry seasons
- effected by la nina (cool n rainy) and el nino (hot and dry)

Humans
irrigation decreasing flow
flow paths have been altered for human use

Question 10

What is discharge

Answer 10

water flowing into river

Question 11

What is lag time

Answer 11

the time it takes peak raifall to discharge

Question 12

What is the rising/fallling limb

Answer 12

rise or fall in discharge

Question 13

What physical factors affect storm hydrographs?

Answer 13

1 Size and shape of catchment area circular = less lag time
2Drainage density - dense = more flow
3Rock and soil type - permeable or frozen
4Relief and vegetation- steep = short lag time

Question 14

Human effects

Answer 14

Urbanisation - permeability
Deforestation - interception
Dams - regulate the flow
Aquifer use - uses groundwater

Question 15

What is el nino n la nina

Answer 15

More warm water low air pressure towards south america = more rain and floods
australasia - drought

la nina is the opposite

Question 15

What is drought

Answer 15

Meteorological - way too dry than normal rainfall
Agriculture - not enough water for farming
Hydrological - increase of river flows into reservoir
Socio - economic - more demand

Question 16

What is a short term preciptation

Answer 16

The system that creates clouds is interrupted

Question 17

Brazil eg Drought

Answer 17

Farmers used so much groundwater = drought and reliant poor community suffer

Fined over - abstraction up to 100K
70% of wells dug were illegal

Bedrock filters water but the illegals wells were dug above bedrock and full of bacteria

Question 18

o